Locke’s Human Understanding

1.â€Å"The way shown how we come by any knowledge, sufficient to prove it not innate† – The natural faculties that humans have since birth are the ones they use to attain knowledge, but do not have impressions that are innate to them. The development of this knowledge and principle is not innate in character because they evolve over time. 2.† General assent the great argument† – principles that accepted by men came from process of speculative arguments. Thus the end of this is the consent given by men towards the affirmation of a certain principle is not innate. 3. â€Å"Universal consent proves nothing innate† – given the fact that people have established the meaning of a consent, thus rendering the knowledge itself as not innate. 4.â€Å"What is, is;† and, â€Å"It is impossible for the same thing to be, and not to be,† not universally assented to.† – the argument used on the debate on universal consent to prove innate principle, is likewise the same as disproving the notion of innate principle. 5.â€Å"Not on the mind naturally, imprinted, because not known to children, idiots, etc† – there things that are not known or born naturally to children, thus those have to be introduced to them, making the knowledge not naturally endowed and innate to them. 6.â€Å"If reason discovered them, that would not prove them innate.† – though by claim of use of own personal reason, humans have discovered these reasoning by universal assent, rendering the principle or the knowledge as not naturally imprinted by the human mind. 7.â€Å"It is false that reason discovers them† – it is not possible to come up with innate knowledge, because through use of own reasons, these forms of reasoning are only deductions from established theories and knowledge, thus making it not anymore original. Reference 1690 AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING by John Locke. Retrieved October 24, 2007 from http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/locke/locke1/Book1a.html#Chapter%20I      

A Diamond Personality – Oscar Rodriguez

Ask Oscar Rodriguez about the dot-com burst and he may grin at you as if to say, â€Å"What burst?† Rodriguez, a 38- years-old entrepreneur, owns an Internet business that sells loose diamond to various buyers. Business is booming for Rodriguez, In 2004, he has sales of $2.06 million-a 140 percent increase from 2003. Rodriguez’s database of almost 60000 diamonds is one of the largest and is valued, according to Rodriguez, at over $350 million. Needless to say, Oscar Rodriguez is optimistic about his business venture. The future wasn’t always so bright for Rodriguez, however. In 1985, Rodriguez moved from his country, Puerto Rico, to Gainesville, Florida, with little ability to speak English. There, he attended community college and worked at the local mall to support himself. After graduation, his roommate’s girlfriend suggested that he work at a local jeweler. â€Å"I thought she was crazy. I didn’t know anything about jewelry,† says Rodriguez, who took her advice. Though he worked hard and received his Diamonds and Diamonds Grading certification from the Gemological institute of America, he wasn’t satisfied with this progress. â€Å"I quickly realized that working there; I was just going to get a salary with a raise here and there. I would never become anything. That drove me to explore other business ventures. I also came to really know diamonds-their pricing and their quality.† In 1997, tired of working for someone else, Rodriguez decided to open his own jewelry store. However, business didn’t boom. â€Å"Some of my customers were telling me they could find diamonds for less on the Internet. It blew my mind.† Rodriguez recognized an opportunity and began contacting well-known diamond dealers to see if they would be interested in selling their gems online. Roriguez recalls one conversation with a prominent dealer who told him, â€Å"You cannot sell diamonds on the Internet. You will not survive.† Discouraged, Rodriguez then says that he made a mistake. â€Å"I stopped working on it. If you have a dream, you have to keep working harder at it.† A year later, Rodriguez did work harder at his dream and found a dealer who agreed to provide him with some diamonds. Says Rodriguez, â€Å"Once I had one, I could approach others. Business started to build. The first three months I sold $200,000 worth of diamonds right off the bat. And that was just me. I started to add employees and eventually closed the jewelry store and got out of retail.†Although Rodriquez does have some diamonds in inventory, he primarily acts as a connection point between buyers and suppliers, giving his customers an extraordinary selection from which to choose. Rodriguez is now a savvy entrepreneur, and his company, Abazias.com, went public in October 2003. Why is Rodriguez successful? Just ask two people who have known Rodriguez over the years. Gary Schneider, a realtor who helped build Rodriguez’s building, says, â€Å"Oscar is a very ambitious young man. I am not surprised at all how successful he is. He is an entrepreneur in the truest sense of the word.† One of Rodriguez’s former real-estate instructors, Howard Freeman, concurs. â€Å"I am not surprised at all at his success,† says Freeman. â€Å"Oscar has always been an extremely motivated individual with a lot of resources. He has a wonderful personality and pays close attention to detail. He also has an ability to stick to things. You could tell from beginning that he was going to persevere, and I am proud of him.† Rodriguez is keeping his success in perspective, but he also realizes his business’ potential: â€Å"I take a very small salary, and our overhead is $250,000 a year. I am not in debt, and the business is breaking even. I care about the company. I want to keep everything even until we take off, and then it may be another ball game.†

Monitor Disease And Spread Health And Social Care Essay

Epidemiologic surveies are meant to supervise disease and spread within assorted populations. The results of surveies are meant to supply valid, accurate information about causes, bars, and interventions for disease ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008 ) . Experimental surveies are believed to supply more scientifically accurate information than experimental surveies. When get downing an experimental survey, before enrolling participants, research workers must take a survey design and suggest a hypothesis. The hypothesis will explicate the intent of the survey, the survey design, and the exact lineation, timeline, and execution of the survey. For illustration, a survey conducted by Berman, Jones, & A ; McCloskey ( 2005 ) was proposed to turn out that the side effects of Valium cause suicidal, self- aggressive Acts of the Apostless. Research workers wanted to carry on the survey in a research lab puting where three randomly- assigned groups would be administered a placebo, 5 milligram, or 10 mg Valium. Self- aggressive behaviour was measured by research workers after the capsules were distributed to all experimental groups. Participants were so provided the opportunity to self- administer electric dazes to themselves. After the survey was approved, participants were recruited based on the eligibility criterions and include inclusion and exclusion standards. Inclusion standards were based on the participant ‘s wellness history. Diazepam respondents were screened by telephone, to unwrap medical information that would except them from the survey, such as chronic or neurological unwellness and prescription drug use. The exclusion standards were incompatibilities to the surveies agents, or participants intending the participants had features that made them ineligible for the survey. Using either a random or non-random method to delegate persons into a survey group, during an experimental survey participants are separated into either two or more groups. In the Valium survey, 46 healthy grownups, 27 work forces and 19 adult females, that are a average age of 22.87 old ages old ( Berman, Jones, & A ; McCloskey, 2005 ) . One group is treated with the agent while the control group is receives inactive intervention, or no intervention at all. Research workers will so administer the interventions and observe participants. The concluding phase is known as the follow-up phase where the testers collect consequences. â€Å" If the end of the survey is to forestall the happening of disease, the result may include the precursors of disease or the first happening of disease. On the other manus, if the survey is proving a new intervention among persons who already have a disease, outcomes may include disease return, symptom betterment, length of endurance, or side effects † ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008, p. 172 ) . Diazepam participants were observed 40 proceedingss after taking the medicine. Consequences proved that Valium is related to self- aggressive behaviours. â€Å" Diazepam ( 10 milligram ) was associated with higher norm shock self-administered than placebo. Subjects having 10 mg Valium were besides more likely to try to self-administer a daze that they were led to believe was â€Å" terrible † and painful † ( Berman, Jones, & A ; McCloskey, 2005, p.100 ) . Experimental surveies besides have benefits. They are considered to be more relaxed surveies because they, â€Å" take advantage of the fact that people are exposed to noxious and/or healthy substances through their personal wonts, business, topographic point of abode, and so on † ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008, p. 140 ) . There are two different types of observation surveies, one being cohort surveies and the other being case- control surveies. Although experimental surveies provide utile scientifically accurate information they can be impractical because they are dearly-won, sometimes unethical, and participants are non ever willing to be involved in a survey that involves digesting non-prescribed medicine ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008 ) . Because of this, experimental surveies are used most frequently by epidemiologists. Cohort surveies look at one or more instances of exposure, intending participants with similar features are looked at based their initial exposure position and followed over a period of clip to find the wellness results. For illustration Tomson, Perucca, and Battino ( 2004 ) conducted a survey on adult females of childbearing age with epilepsy and the effects of antiepileptic drugs on gestation results. The populations studied in cohort surveies are: unfastened, fixed, or closed. No affair the survey chosen, participants are still grouped harmonizing to their exposure and followed over clip. Open cohort surveies involve participants who leave the survey if they are no longer eligible. For illustration, research workers are carry oning a cohort survey of birth defect frequence among Arizona occupants, aged 20-40, who are female, between the old ages 2000-2012, who have epilepsy. This specific population is being used to understand the high hazard of birth defects within people with those features. If person turned 41, and moved to New York they would no longer be eligible for the survey. A fixed cohort is one in which a participant is involved in an irrevokable event, â€Å" for illustration, undergoing a medical process, giving birth to a kid, functioning in the military, eating contaminated nutrient at a field day, or being present a adult male made or natural catastrophe † ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008, p. 204 ) . Cohort surveies use clocking to find a participant ‘s exposure to disease. Prospective surveies group instances based on past or current exposure and follow them to understand their wellness results in the hereafter. Retrospective survey participants are grouped based on past exposure and research workers look at results that have already occurred. In ambidirectional cohort surveies elements of both prospective and retrospective surveies are used. Cohort surveies, like experimental surveies, test a hypothesis based on exposures, results, and other lending factors. For illustration, research workers follow participants by roll uping medical records and consequences, interviews, physical scrutinies, and detecting their environment ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008 ) . While analyzing the effects of antiepileptic drugs on gestation, research workers followed adult females by carry oning phone interviews monthly and administering studies. These adult females were diagnosed epileptics taking medicine ; the research workers followed them throughout their gestations to understand the affects of different anti-epileptic drugs on birth results ( Tomson, Perucca, & A ; Battino, 2004 ) . A case-control survey is another experimental survey that is similar to a cohort survey. Case- control surveies look at the correlativity between exposure and disease. They can be used alternatively of cohort surveies if, â€Å" the exposure informations is hard or expensive to obtain, the disease is rare, the disease has long initiation and latent period, small is known about the disease, or the implicit in population is dynamic † ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008, p. 234 ) . Alternatively of making a hypothesis, in case- control surveies research workers create a instance definition and they separate their participants into groups based on whether or non they have the disease or do non hold the disease. The ground that case- control surveies are less expensive is because research workers collect informations from infirmaries, clinics, decease certifications, studies, particular describing systems, friends, and relations of instances ; control groups are besides selected from the se resources. Control groups are the population that provides information on exposure distribution ( Ashengrau & A ; Seage, 2008 ) . Data collected is similar to cohort surveies. Depending on the survey, research workers will carry on personal interviews ; administer studies, request research lab consequences, and medical records to find the disease rates. All surveies have their advantages and disadvantages. Experimental surveies provide utile statistics that prove whether agents involved in intervention of a disease work. But, there are multiple disadvantages to experimental surveies. They are expensive and some surveies are considered unethical. Medical professionals and the general population are non willing to take part in a survey where absolutely healthy persons could have intervention for a status they do non hold. Experimental surveies are popular among epidemiologists because they are less expensive, unlike experimental surveies. Cohort surveies can straight mensurate disease, incident, or hazard. They can besides measure multiple effects of an exposure, but they are still expensive and inefficient when used on diseases that began a long clip ago with hibernating periods. Case- control surveies are utile when analyzing rare diseases within a big population. All three surveies are used by epidemiologists. Different surveies ar e chosen depending on the research being conducted and the population being studied.

God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

God - Essay Example Here, premise 2 fails in the sense that all souls have a chance to know more about God since it is free and it is own choice to learn about him or not. All people are therefore in the position to go to heaven for they have the opportunity of choosing the good that God require of them despite their denominations. This is where we all stand a chance to deeply get the knowledge about the heavenly qualifications. Being a Christian for example, is not a guarantee ticket to heaven, one has to work hard by choosing and doing what is right which is mostly seen as what God desire of us. God thus exist and that is why we all can denote the good from the bad, wrong from right, as a belief for God helps us in choosing the good and moving from evil (Plantinga, 2009). For Christians, God is said to have intervened in various moments in the past according to the biblical point of view. During the Israelites exodus from Egypt, God first helped them by punishing pharaoh by sending plaques, which later led to their release. While crossing the red sea, in the desert where they faced many difficulties e.g. food shortages which he provided for them in form of manna from heaven (Plantinga, 2009). The Hindu family accepts the existence of God who is a creator. Having the law of karma, where they believe that most of human actions happen because they are being triggered by a supreme being. This god knows better about the humans helps them when they make mistakes and need assistance of picking up again. This karma is hence their only proof of Gods existence according to the Hindus. All this as much as they are different denominations, leads us to one point where all refer to ones faith God exist (Plantinga, 2009). In the other hand, the Muslims have faith in the existence of God because there was the revelation of their holy book the Qur’an which they believe to be the preexistence

Short Critical Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Short Critical Reflection Paper - Essay Example There are two types of databases that are responsible for information. The first consists of a public domain database. This type of database is accessible for the public use. The second consists of a propriety database, which is restricted towards individuals who have membership from a local university. The difference between the databases is due to the fact one requires membership and one is open to the public. This is due to the fact that knowledge and articles that are in the Ashford library databases are scholarly articles written by scholars and are highly more credible than the articles that are yielded in the Google search engines. Most search engines will yield the same results and it is clear that the quality of information between the two databases is clearly distinguishable. Without a doubt, the information age has literally been transformed throughout the last century. The challenge is no doubt to manage this clusters of information that is widely available, which is why the information age is not all good.... Most search engines will yield the same results and it is clear that the quality of information between the two databases is clearly distinguishable. The information age might very well go down as one of the most influential movements of the last century. The term â€Å"revolution† refers to a drastic change. In what ways in this information age so drastically different? Is it all good? Without a doubt, the information age has literally been transformed throughout the last century. The challenge is no doubt to manage this clusters of information that is widely available, which is why the information age is not all good. Propriety software and open source applications are anything but similar. What are the pros and cons of buying Microsoft Office (proprietary) versus downloading and using Open Office (open) for free? The term â€Å"open source† refers to the piece of software’s source code. Open source code extends beyond the traditional methods of just handing ou t code. It means that there are guidelines in which software has to be written it. The software developed with innovations can tremendously benefit individuals on the internet. The clearest benefit of this is due to the fact that it is free. Rather than paying a hefty peace, most open source products can be tried at a risk free basis. In addition, most of these products are efficient for organization’s usage. They also eliminate the hassle of software licensing, which continues to be a controversial issue in this industry. Consequently, propriety software tends to be quite expensive as Microsoft Office can really take a hit on a person’s budget. However, these software are complete and do not contain flaws unlike the open source software. Propriety software

Inferential Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inferential - Statistics Project Example The data sets are divided into two sets; Android, Windows and Others representing the operating systems in the market and a dependent variable Smartphone on the category indicating the total cell phone sold with the operating system. The independent variables are the App is representing the App store, GUI represents the Graphical User Interface of the smartphone and the Functionality representing the functions carried out by the operating systems and the apps. The data is bivariate data as two variables are measured in a single study (William Mendenhall III, 2013). We calculated the operating system market share and the customer buying behavior towards the software capabilities of the smartphone. Most consumers prefer smartphones running on Android platform; on average 10 Android phones are sold daily. The consumer‘s are influenced by the app store on the phone, with 9 people every day says that the app store matters to them most. The positive coefficient indicates the directional effects of the independent variables and the effect they will have on the depend variable smartphone. Thus, with an increase in App, GUI or Functionality results to increase in sales of smartphones. Meaning that the consumer behavior depends on the software installed or can be installed on the gizmo. Goodness to fit ≠¥ 0.80 or 80% and we reject Reject H0 if p-value ≠¤ ÃŽ ±, where ÃŽ ± is the level of significance for the test (David R. Anderson, 2011). Thus p-value ≠¥ 0.0000, thus the null hypothesis is accepted. At 95% confidence level (1.869, 5.088), this are plausible values of parameter where mean may lie; thus, we expect more consumers to be influenced by App store parameter in smartphone. Thus we expect the sales of Android phones to increase with the same parameter as they are the market

Macro3B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro3B - Essay Example The expenditure multiplier is a constant that gives the value (a ratio) to what you will put in the economy and what you will get out of it as a result. It is an increased (multiplied) value because once money comes into the economy; it changes many hands and gradually multiplies. We first need to know the value of the multiplier before determining the amount by which we ought to increase government spending. Multiplier = 1 / MPS We know what the MPC is because MPC + MPS = 1 We can find out the value of MPS that is: 0.8 + MPS = 1 MPS = 1 – 0-.8 MPS = 0.2 Since MPS = 0.2, Multiplier = 1 / MPS Multiplier = 1 / 0.2 Multiplier = 5 At present, the economy lacks behind full employment by $2000 as the full employment level is $10,000 and we are currently at $8,000 (10,000 – 80000), to fulfill this gap, we will not increase government spending by 2000 as that would increase the total output to a large extent owing to the presence of the Expenditure multiplier, therefore we woul d increase it by: 2000 / Multiplier 2000 / 5 = $400 A $400 increase in Government spending would automatically trigger an increase of $2000 in the economy owing to the presence of the multiplier (i.e. 400 * 5 = $2000) Question 2: The other aspect of Fiscal tool that the government has on its disposal is the â€Å"taxes† which it can alter depending on the state of the economy. Since the President has asked me to work on the fiscal measure owing to popular public demand, we can work with it as well. First of all, it is important to understand that taxes are not a direct component of the GDP unlike government expenditure; they influence consumption. Also, tax cuts are feared to be saved to an extent depending on the public’s expectations (example, if there is more employment in the economy, GDP is likely to rise greatly, however, decreases in tax rates might even be saved by the households), therefore, the value of the tax multiplier is less than that of the expenditure multiplier; which means I would have to reduce taxes to a greater extent as compared to government expenditure to get the $2000 increase in GDP. Tax Multiplier: MPC / MPC Since MPC = 0.8 and MPS = 0.2 Tax Multiplier = 0.8 / 0.2 Tax Multiplier = 4 (Which is one less than the expenditure multiplier that was â€Å"5†) For the economy to boost to full employment, tax cuts would have to be given in accordance with the multiplier: 2000 / Tax Multiplier 2000/4 = $500 Therefore, it is evident, for the economy to go to the full employment level of $10,000, tax cuts worth 500 have to be given (which are 100 more than the expenditure if the government were to use that). This makes the government spending policy more attractive as compared to giving tax incentives to people. Question 3: If the president were to match increases in federal government expenditures with the offsetting increases in taxation, it would never give out a balanced budget. It is important to note that because of a leakage i.e. saving, a tax cut never gives out its full multiplier effect; tax cuts affect consumption and are not a direct part of the GDP. On the other hand, government expenditure is direct component of GDP as shown: Taking closer looks at the formula of tax multiplier (i.e. MPC/MPS) and comparing it to the expenditure multiplier, one would realize that the tax multiplier would always be â€Å"1† less than the government expenditure multiplier; therefore equal increases or decreases in both would not give out a balanc

Answering Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Answering Questions - Essay Example d activities are focused on is the construction of its social infrastructure, which proves their substantial degree of uncomplicatedness, and willingness to restrain from persecution; therefore, long-term survival. In most Arab countries, the brotherhood has integrated into political institutions. In the western countries, it has established itself in local Muslim communities by setting up Mosques, banks, Islam facilities, and educational and social institutions (MAITIC 6-8). Contemporary Shiites have a common form of Shi’ism that they adhere to; Twelver Shi’ism or the Imami. This belief is from the origins of Shi’ism which believed in the fundamental teaching that the Muslim Community’s rightful rulers were from a series of twelve Imams. This began with Ali ibn Abu Talib. This belief is continued to date. Shi’ism has continued to become the function of Iran’s politics based on the above ideology. Shi’ism has, however, discontinued in some of its institutions and traditions, as they are changed and determined by descendants who may not have what it takes to run the institutions, and guide the traditions properly (Fradkin). Earlier jihadist groups fought to conquer specific regions for both material and religious reaons. Jihadist groups fought to protect, to revenge, and to gain material wealth. They struggled to protect Islam, and against those who did not believe in Islamic God. Al Qaida also struggles against those who do not believe in Islamic God, but through a different way. Al Qaida are terrorists, and fight to achieve their aim through terror attacks. Earlier jihadists involved themselves in battles. The difference is in the ideology of battle and methods of struggles (Rabasa et al 9). Both the Sunni Islamist and Shia Islamists understanding of Jihad is the same. Both groups of Islamists consider Jihad as a holy war. Sunni Islamists believe that they should wage a holy war against the Shia Islamists who give honor to Mohammad’s descendants

Art Exhibition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art Exhibition - Essay Example Michael Criton located Johns â€Å"between Duchamp and Pollack, between the found object and the created abstraction† (Lanchner and Johns, 2009, p. 19). The second work of art is a collection of prints by Johns in which the numbers 0-9 have been created through the methodology of lithography. Lithography is a process where a smooth surface is treated in some areas so that it will retain ink, but leaving others so that the ink will not be retained. The surface is then used as a printing object from which to press an image onto another surface, most often a paper. The works were created between 1960 and 1963 and are simply titled â€Å"0-9†. The two pieces can be compared from a number of elemental concepts in order to further explore the nature of Jasper John’s work. The painting â€Å"Map† was created in the earlier part of his career when the exploration of the ideologies of America were being combined with the explorations of their meanings through the use of ‘readymade’ objects. The blurring of borders speaks of unity while the bursts of color are in motion, commenting on the wide diversity of the nation. The lines of the distinct object of the map are muddled by the use of the paint overtop of them. The colors are vibrant and primary, using red, yellow, and blue in bursts across the work, the colors blending at some points, distinctive at others. The oil paints are thick with the texture of the work dense and mountainous on top of the map. There is a repetition that creates balance within the chaos and while there is no use of perspective, there is a sense of density that is felt that about the object of the map as the colors burst forth across the entirety of the work. Although there seems to be no design to the work, there is a definite balance to the way in which the colors are utilized. They erupt across the painting in light and darkness, yellow splicing through the red and darker blue to

UAE Women leaders and Professional career development Research Proposal

UAE Women leaders and Professional career development - Research Proposal Example Hence; they will be having a real tool to develop themselves and they might achieve a successful career progression to reach a higher position in the existing workforce. The Inductive approach will be used in this research which is part of the Subjectivism research approach as the investigations will depend on building theory through small sample of people perceptions regarding the situation that will be discussed to understand the reality of the study and to get their feelings about what is going on in order to identify better the nature of the problem and analysing those data. The results will give some solutions for the study along with evidences that will provide a clear picture for the target people to accomplish their goals. The research design that is selected for the study is an exploratory research design, in order to understanding the things deeply. As explained by Zechmeister et al., (1997) survey research represents a general approach to be used when the research design is implemented. Survey research is the method of gathering data from respondents thought to be representative of some population using an instrument composed of close structure or open-ended items (questions). It is one of the most dominant forms of data collection in the social sciences providing for efficient collection of data over broad populations, amenable to self-administration, administration in person, by telephone, via mail and over the internet. The primary data is to be collected by conducting field research that involves face to face interviews, surveys, questionnaires and focused group interviews. Primary research involves the usage of primary data for the collection of data. Primary data are that information that is collected for the first time. The primary research will be especially useful since it will provide a guideline to the most current data available on this topic from UAE National women who are about to reach either supervisory or managerial positions and also from female who are about to enter the workforce. This will help to give an idea about what challenges they face and how they feel they will compare themselves with foreigners in the workplace. There are many advantages that have been identified in the use of the survey method. According to Babbie (2001), these advantages include: 1. One can collect a large amount of adapt in a fairly short time. 2. Surveys are easier and less expensive than other forms of data collection. 3. Questionnaire can be used to research almost any aspect of human perceptions regarding the variables under study. 4. They can be easily used on field settings. The secondary research method will include gathering data on the subject from different newspapers, magazines, online articles, press releases, academic journals, textbooks and other library books. Combining the knowledge gained from all these sources and both research methods will provide a lot of detail about the topic that can be used to develop suitable conclusions and

E-Commerces Effect on B2B Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

E-Commerces Effect on B2B Relations - Essay Example Organizations typically participate in more than one exchange in order to derive network advantages from complementary goods and services. Participating in an existing web-enabled B2B exchange allows organizations to reduce their own online start-up costs and to benefit from lower customer acquisition costs. (Kabir, 2004). "Today, supply chain management is far more important than manufacturing as a core competence; so much so that it's possible, as Nike and Cisco Systems have amply demonstrated, to dominate the market for a product without owning so much as a single factory" (Taylor, 2003). Online business-to-business (or B2B) exchanges are widely used in commercial and industrial sectors be it automotive or retailing. The Wall Street Journal (2003) reported that US businesses spent $482 billion in B2B transactions, up 242% from 2001. It was predicted that by 2006 $5.4 trillion in goods and services would be transacted B2B. Bandyopadhyay et all (2006, 512). B2B exchanges lower the cost to buyers through the automated nature of the procurement process. Further transaction cost falls occur with the use of reverse auctions. Value is added because of the interoperability of the application platform amongst users. Users are able to plan in concert. Ordanini et al (2004) investigated the factors which determined success for B2B electronic market places or exchanges in Italy.They looked at the content, structure and governance of a variety of business models, using a cluster analysis of the three dimensions. They found that in a period of 3 years (2000-2003) B2B e-commerce operators had fallen from 120 to 40, with less than 50% of the survivors operating above break-even. Research shows that similar patterns have occurred in the US and Europe. Ordanini et al found that private, large exchanges were generally more successful, due to their "superior capability to generate turnover compared to vertical niche operators" (Ordanini et al, 2004, p281). Electronic marketplaces were supposed to be a panacea to all the ills of electronic data interchange with its proprietary systems and 1:1 networking. An internet based platform promised disintermediation and new sources of competitive advantage, since the Internet was based on generic public standards and considerably cheaper to make use of. Figure 2: Alternative Business Models: Output of the Cluster Analysis. Source-Ordanini et al (20

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner Essay Muftah, married with four children, is a pleasant student who is struggling in class. Muftah did not receive any English in secondary school or university. He worked as a Physical Education teacher for two years, and then was employed with the Ministry of Youth and Sports for twenty years. In his years of employment, Muftah never needed to speak or write in English until about two years ago, when he started attending International House. He says that he is now learning English because he has a lot of time on his hands. Muftah prefers to study at home, not with friends. He says that he does not focus on reading or writing; but, he enjoys practicing his speaking skills with his fourteen year old son because that’s where he feels he needs improvement. Muftah sees this as an opportunity to bond with, and encourage, his son because Muftah never got this chance when he was younger. When asked if he is interested in working in a company in the future to maintain his English, he said that he will think about it. Muftah joined International House around two years ago and has had no previous official English education. He studies English for fun and to bond with his children who are now studying English in school; so, he regards English as a social tool rather than one to grow career wise. Muftah is very cooperative in class and participates from time to time. He enjoys group work but prefers to work in pairs because he feels he learns more than when he is with a group of people. Muftah’s strengths are in reading and comprehension. In a scanning activity, he responded accurately when asked to read a letter for one minute and reply to three questions: who sent it, where was it sent from, whom was it sent to. In controlled practice of a reading text, he answers fairly accurately when working on column matching or multiple choice exercises. However, when reading longer texts, (e.g. a newspaper article on eating healthy) he finds difficulty in responding accurately and correctly, yet he seems to put things into context and tell briefly what the piece is about. His teacher says that he sometimes leans towards looking for the answer in Arabic from peers and is the least confident in class; so, he may need to be told to engage fully in English. In addition to his less obvious weakness in skimming texts, Muftah displayed mistakes which were typical to those of an Arab learner in pronunciation and grammar. When conducting a pronunciation exercise, his vowels were incorrectly placed most of the time; this may be due to interference from his L1 because Arabic has a different number of vowel sounds from English. Wednesday: /wenÉ ªzde/ scholastic: /skÉ’lstÉ ªk/ sporadic: /spÉ’rdÉ ªk/ Thursday: /teresde/ Shirt: /ÊÆ'eÉ ªrt/ socks: /sÊÅ'ks/ clothes: /klÉ’dÉ ªs/ Department: /dÉ ªpà ¦rtÉ™mÉ ªnt/ Management: /mà ¦nÉ ªÃŠâ€™mÉ ªnt/ January: /Ê’Ã ¦nu:wÉ™rÉ ª/ Also sounds such as /v/, /p/ and /Ê ¤/ were not accurate on the first attempt and replaced with a /f/ and /b/ and /Ê’/ respectively; this is due to the absence of these sounds in the Libyan dialect. In grammar, his auxiliary verbs are either lacking or placed incorrectly, for example: ‘Where you live?’ and ‘What you doing?’; however, if he is asked to repeat, he will acknowledge his mistake and self-correct it. Again, this is due to not having auxiliary verbs in Arabic, just question words. In an attempt to strengthen his skimming skills, Muftah may buy an English newspaper on his way to work (or borrow a magazine from the school library), pick an article, and try to summarize it with his son. At the end of the week, he may hand it to his teacher for homework to check, and attach a list of new vocabulary he learned from the article. That way he can develop his repertoire of vocabulary, and, at the same time, improve his reading and writing skills. If he hands in the homework three weeks in a row, he can have a break the fourth week to celebrate his accomplishment with his son. Another area I would focus on strengthening is forming the interrogative with auxiliary verbs. Divide a poster board into four (or more) categories: sports, music, animals, and history. Each category is colour-coded and should have four to five envelopes under it. In each envelope there is either a name of a personality, an important event, etc. On each envelope there is the number of points to be won, if participant answers correctly, e.g. 100, 200, 300, etc. To play the game, you will need three persons, player A, player B and a referee. The referee stands by the poster board to take out the card that the players choose. The player will then start to ask 5 questions (yes/no questions or wh- questions) to guess what is on the card. For example, in the Sports category, the card may hold Tiger Woods’ name (or another regionally familiar athlete), so player A will ask the referee: Is it a man or a woman? What game does he play? Where is he from? Does he still pay? If he guesses correctly, he gets the points if not; then, a chance is given to player B to gain the points. If neither player guesses correctly, no points are given and they can try again later.

Entrepreneur identifies opportunities for business

Entrepreneur identifies opportunities for business Introduction â€Å"Entrepreneur identifies of opportunities, takes risks and garners resources with an explicit focus on the creation of new products, services, knowledge or ideas ( Shane 2003)†. This article will introduce one of greatest entrepreneurs in China—Ma Yun, the English name is Jack Ma who is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Alibaba Group at present, he was a Forbes magazine was founded more than 50 years to become the front cover of the first entrepreneurs in mainland China, as well as won the named Global Leader of Tomorrow. In addition, Jack Ma also served as director of Softbank Group, China Yahoo, Chairman of the Board, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Business Advisory Committee under (ABAC) members, Alibaba, Hangzhou Normal University, Business School Dean, director of Huayi Brothers Media Group(http://baike.baidu.com). Background of Jack Ma and his Alibaba.com Jack Ma was born in 15th October in 1964, he hometownisHangzhouZhejiangprovince of China. Hegraduated from Hangzhou Teachers College in 1988, his major is English. After he was becamean English teacher at the HangzhouElectronicEngineeringCollege. In 1995, he has had an opportunity that visited the United States for the first time access to the Internet, which was made a huge shock to him, after returning home, he established â€Å"Chinese Yellow Pages† in Internet. In 1997, he joined the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Trade, the main responsible for the development of Chinese products on its official site and the online trading market (http://baike.baidu.com). In 1999, he seriously considered that he resign from the government offical work. He is one of thefounders of Alibaba.com, to develop e-business applications, particularly in Business to Business (B2B). At present,Alibaba.com is a global inter-enterprise (B2B) e-commerce well-known brands, is the worlds area of international trade within the largest and most active online trading market and the business community (http://tech.sina.com.cn).On the one hand, in order to the success of Alibaba, so that Jack Ma was invited several times to lecture the worlds leading institution of higher learning, including the University of Pennsylvania Wharton Shool, MIT, Harvard and so on. On the other hand, he was invited to Dawos AnnualMeeting have eight timessince 2002. In addition, good location, solid structure, excellent service to make Alibaba the worlds first network has more than 8 million business e-commerce website, over 220 countries and regions around the world every day to businesses and merchants to provide 8.1 million commercial supply and demand information become a global business network to promote the preferred site has been business people as the most popular B2B website (http://tech.sina.com). Outstanding performance by all walks of life to make Alibabas attention. WTO Director-General of Sutherland as the first Alibaba consultants, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Japanese economy, Trade and Industry, Federation of European SMEs and other government and private agencies to local businesses recommended Alibaba (http://tech.sina.com). Jack Ma founded Alibaba media at home and abroad, and foreign venture capitalists in Silicon Valley hailed with Yahoo, Amazon, eBay, AOL par with the top five business schools on behalf of one of the Internet. It was established to promote the establishment of Chinas business credit, in the fierce international competition for small and medium enterprises has created unlimited opportunities, Let the world is not difficult to do business (Ma 2010). Jack Ma set up the personal auction site Taobao, successfully blazed a unique path localization in China, from the first quarter of 2005 started to become Asias largest personal auction site (http://tech.sina.com.cn). The end of 2009, Alibaba Group Chairman of the Board Jack Ma appeared Xinhua News Agency, and young editors and reporters to conduct a open communication. This allows us to feel close to this young entrepreneur has been hailed as pioneering Godfather charm. His passion, wisdom, humor, as well as signature-style insolent and the Xinhua News Agency, the exciting young editors and reporters asked for the exchange of one climax after another, the applause continued, laughing (Ma 2010). How could do such successful E-business as Jack Ma who do not understand programming, do not understand finance, people do not understand the design, and how to come to an Internet company today, Jakc Ma joked and said that the company someone asked him things, he was 95 percent did not know, he absolutely did not know, but he knows who knows who should know. He said, CEOs ability that they will use someone elses head (Ma 2010). There are two approches to analysishow Jack Mapersonality characteristics make him become a great entrepreneur in the high competitive inforamtion age, including OCEAN and PEST. OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) According to Baron and Harringtons the OCEAN diagram shows that the successful entrepreneur have the positive aspects involves Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. However, the negative aspectswhich are disadvantages to the entrepreneur includes conscientiousness and agreeableness (Baron 1981). Firstly, Jack Ma is an openness and Extraversion,because he is open to new experiences, intellectually curious, and asethetically sensitive to did his business— Alibaba, for example, since he first time seen Internet in American, after he back home he already made decision to do business related with Internet, even though during that time he did not have any knowledge about Internet. Secondly, through Jack Mas presentations, magazines, and blogs. It can be clearly that Jack Ma who is a Creative management, which means that â€Å"being more creative yourself or managing others so that they can be more creative or ensuring that the system that is being managed operates more creatively (Henry 2001)†.For example, in 1999 when he leading his team started the E-business, he did not know the professional knowledge about Internet and computer, he just got idea, but he believe that Internet will become the main business method during in the 21st century. Although Jack Ma believe that himself is an idealistic,self-confident and ambition person, he is an openness, extraversion, and neuroticism.Jack Matends to take risks, challenges assumptions, and abrasive person. Namely, when he determined do Alibaba.com, his team group have 24 people, only one agreed with his idea, the other 23 people disagreed his purpose.Howeverthese problems did not stopped his planning, he still persisted him way to did Alibaba.com and gained great successful(http://tech.sina.com.cn). Thirdly, Jack Ma is a convergent thinking which is the process of converting all of the general ideas—the goals and non-specific solutions—into the specific solutions that form an application.For example, in Alibaba.com people have word right, they can argue with the manager, they can creative new way to do business, and the com he has the idea how to do the business, while he did not understood how to do the specific and specilist job. Lastly, JackMa, he described himself that he is an idealist, his romantic idealism of this complex has also brought into Alibaba, Jack Ma said that Alibaba and other companies in addition to its assessment of the difference is outside the employees performance, but also the staff appraisal mission and values. In the future, but also add an index: Social welfare (http://yunma.blog.china ). As well as Jack Mas motto is that â€Å"Today is very cruel, more brutal tomorrow, the day after tomorrow is very beautiful, but most of the people who died in tomorrow night, only those who can see the real heroes of the day after tomorrow the sun (Ma 2010)†. This is reflected that although his mind is idealization, his action is more powerful, realistic and as firm as a rock. He has strong persist in his Internet dream on the road. Alibabas values which is not only the companys value, but also is Jack Mas and his team groups value. Such as the company take policies First: focus on the customers concern, to provide customers with advice and information to help customers grow. Teamwork: Shared-sharing in order to complete the big or small, Embrace Change: Breaking through the self, to meet the changing.Integrity: honesty, integrity, keep its promises.Passion: Never give up, optimism up. Dedicated: a professional attitude and the usual state of mind to do extraordinary things (http://page.china.alibaba.com). PEST (Political, Economic and Environment, Social, Technology) factors According to Belbins acknowledges that â€Å"the preferred role is linked to reasoning ability, personality charateristics, personal values, learned behaviours, and the priorities and processes of the managers job (Belbin 1993)†.For example the Alibaba.com catched the best opportunities to set up E-business on Internet. The Value perspect= permission, ideas and realistic connected together Social responsibility Charity, environment Political Customer, employees, stakeholders Secondly, The entrepreneurs organization Team group, trust, loyalty, goal, adhere to for example in 1999, 18 people organiza Alibaba. No money, no Lastly, The external environment: economic problem, social problem, Creaitve new way to management the future, open, share, responsble, globlization. Conclusion Alibaba the next one tenth anniversary of the three objectives: First, they want to the worlds 10 million small businesses to provide equal platform; second, to create a million jobs; Taobao online last year, the direct creation of employment opportunities At 1.7 million, 180 million per year, an increase of 2.5 million logistics industry, many employees because Taobao; third, one billion people worldwide consumer platforms. The world is needed is a more open, more sharing, more the responsibility of the social needs of a community-oriented enterprises, and from the community and serve the society for the future of social responsibility of business is full of responsibility, the world needs is a kind of spiritual , a culture, a belief, a dream.

Employee Performance Case Study

Employee Performance Case Study Problems inside the Slough branch and options to improve employee performance There are several key issues that impact the Slough branch. These include poor management, a lack of motivation of employees and ineffective communication between the workforce. The manager is perhaps one of the major problems in this subsidiary because his lack of professional management skills impacts on the employees and their work. As a manager and team leader, one aspect of supporting staff in periods of high demand is to help them manage their time more effectively and thereby help to reduce their stress levels and work pressures. Mr. David Brent, the manager of this branch, fails to do this for his staff. One failure on Brents part is his inability to deal with the impending merger with the Swindon branch. His lack of acknowledgment of the change results in unease amongst the workforce. His attitude in general is poor and he fails to act professionally. It has been suggested that considering training as an investment decision could vastly improve motivation in the workforce[1] but that this should only be done after careful consideration. Looking at the theory of leadership by Burrhus Skinner, an American psychologist, we assume that leadership capabilities are rooted in characteristics possessed by individuals and these skills are not necessarily in every individual[2]. If we consider the theory as true, we can easily conclude that David Brent is not a good leader as he does not have relevant characteristics. Referring to Peter Druckers ideas[3], the leaders job is to prepare people to execute and operate effectively and then give them freedom to do so. David Brent is failing to do this which suggests that specific training would be useful. In this case, introducing training is essential to improve the skills and the attitude of David Brent. With this type of training, the aim should be to change some of David Brents behaviour, par ticularly to his employees. For example, he must change the way he talks to his employees, he does not know how to interact in a professional way with them to the detriment of the managerial relationship. He also does not enforce order; nor does he follow company procedures. If these issues were properly addressed, then there is the possibility that staff motivation may increase knowing that proper leadership is in place. Another issue in this branch is the ineffective communication between all levels and departments of the workforce. This does not allow for improvement in the employees work and it often leads to them being lazy and unproductive and even, on occasions, disrespectful towards their colleagues. The employees, even if they attend some work meetings, are not able to express themselves properly because the manager does not allow them to do so. Instead, he spends much of his time in meetings trying to be friendly and relatable at the expense of communicating issues and tasks with the team. In this case, to improve and increase the communication in this branch, it would be useful to introduce a discussion group once a week[4]. This type of meeting would be with all key employees and the manager to talk about any problems and all situations approaching that week. All staff could be involved in identifying the vital goals and develop procedures and strategies to reach those goals. This session should ideally last about 30 minutes and be on a fixed day each week so that the whole team has a joint focus. Perhaps the biggest factor damaging the employees performance is the impending merger with the Swindon branch; the insecurity of their positions makes them worried. However, due to the poor management, the staff do not feel motivated to work as they are not held accountable for their actions. As they rarely get disciplined for their absence of productivity, they do not feel that they need motivation to work. Also they do not receive any feedback on how they work, meaning they cannot improve their performance or find out if they have done well. All these factors put their jobs at greater risk. One of the ways we could improve motivation in the work force is to consider Lockes theories on motivation and set specific goals for the employees to achieve[5]. Locke set out that it is through working to specific aims set by both manager and employee that a persons work can improve. This could be made possible by introducing one-on-one meetings between the manager and all members of staff. By having regular appraisals employees could track their performance and be motivated to improve as targets appear more achievable. These sessions should be done each week with all employees struggling with meeting their targets. Perhaps if the employees feel more motivated to achieve their targets they could begin to feel more secure in their positions at the company. Overall, I think that we should work very hard to change all the problematic and inappropriate situations because all the lies combined with unprofessional behaviour has deeply damaged the integrity of the Slough branch. Employee Appraisal for Gareth Keenan When deciding what appraisal system to use for Gareth Keenan I looked at many major models to find one which would best show his potential within the company. There are several jobs appraisal systems that could be used, however I have evaluated the strengths of these and concluded that the best system in Keenans case is Wether and Davis Ratings Scale[6]. I first looked at the Checklist method to try to evaluate Gareth Keenans work[7]. This system requires the user to work through a list of the employees capabilities and answer either yes or no. The problem I have found with this system is that it is not very motivational. By answering simply yes or no, the results are stark and it is difficult to motivate Keenan if his appraisal results mainly in no. It could be hard to see if he improved between meetings as this method may not show small improvements he has made. The second appraisal that I looked at is the Forced Choice Method[8]. This method is made in blocks of two or more, and the rater indicates which statement is most or least descriptive compared to the employee. Again, I find this procedure not useful for Gareth Keenan because the many aspects of his job may not be properly framed in this restrictive format. This employee has not got a big personality but he tries, often with bad results, to be a good supervisor and to be appreciated by the manager and the rest of the staff. He needs to see any improvements even if he does not yet do enough to be seen as a good employee and supervisor by them. This will allow him to gain confidence in what he does and set targets for improvement in all aspects of his job, not just ones set out in the Forced Choice Method. Overall I decided to use the Ratings method as it is the most simplistic and it allows for easy personalization relevant to the specific role and shows an easily understandable scale of competency. This table can show the various activities and performances required by the employee inside the workplace and crucially, it provides a scale of performance allowing for easy interpretation of key successes in Keenans work, as well as areas in need of improvement. This kind of appraisal can show every little improvement, or every worsening skill set, that the employee has therefore allowing for a clear sign of progression between ratings. This could be useful for Gareth Keenan because it should motivate him to improve and if the appraisals are held often enough, show his constant growth in areas for development. Also, as comments and suggestions can be attached to this appraisal system it can help him to change his approach to his work and suggest a change to his style of his communication for him to work on. Furthermore, I suggest a personality test[9] for Gareth Keenan, in order to understand which aspects of his personality he could work on more to improve his relationships with his coworkers. Bibliography Dwyer, J. R., Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, USA, 2000 Skinner, B. F., Science And Human Behavior, USA, 1965 Drucker, P., The Practice of Management, Oxford, 2007 Ledlow G., Coppola N., Leadership for Health Professionals, Burlington, 2011 Cole, G., A., Human Resource And Personnel Management, London, 2004 Aswathappa, K., Human Resource And Personnel Management, New Delhi, 2005 Manna, G., Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Palermo, 2006 [1] Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, Rocky J. Dwyer, 2000. [2] Science And Human Behavior, B.F Skinner, 1965. [3] The Practice of Management, Peter Drucker, Classic Drucker Collection Edition 2007. [4] Leadership for Health Professionals, Gerald Ledlow and Nicholas Coppola, 2011. [5] Personnel and Human Resource Management, Cole G. A., 2004. [6] Human Resource And Personnel Management, K. Aswathappa, Fourth Edition 2005, p. 243. [7] Ibidem, p. 244. [8] Ibidem, p. 244/245. [9] Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Giovanna Manna edito da Franco Angeli, 2006.

alexclo Psychological Analysis of Alex in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange :: Clockwork Orange Essays

A Psychological Analysis of Alex in A Clockwork Orange      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In A Clockwork Orange, Alex is portrayed as two different people living within the same body. As a mischievous child raping the world, he as seen as filth. His actions and blatant disrespect towards society are categorized under that of the common street bum. However, when he is away from his evening attire, he is that of suave. His clothing, his words, his overall attitude. The distinction between the two is triggered by the gentle sounds of Ludwig Van Beethoven.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The psychology of Alex would be that of a serial killer. He is a classic example of Darwin's, Skinner's, Freud's, Erikson's, and Adler's major theories.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alex is not truly close to any other person that he comes in contact with in the film. He is using his parents for a place to live, and they show no emotion towards him, good or bad. His love for his gang is not that of a male/male platonic relationship that is common in brotherhoods. It is that of a marriage of like interests, when the parties involved loathe each other personally. Society is against him for all his mortal sins. The only living creature that he shows love for is his snake.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darwin's theory of man having the same thought process's of animals holds an interesting bearing upon Alex. Alex's love is for his snake. Generally love is defined by an understanding, or a closeness between two items. The snake is represented by many things in the natural world today.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freud's analyzation   for the male closeness to the snake is that the person involved is questioning his sexuality, or his love towards the female gender. Alex keeps coming back to his snake after his nights on the town, and his first concern with life after he is paroled is his dear snake. This, combined with the fact that keeps his snake in a chest under his bed ( the most recognized sexual item in an average household), show's his inadequacies with his sexual performance and his penis. He feels that by keeping in contact with his snake, he will be more of a man then he already is, thus making him more noticeable and

Management Functions :: essays research papers

Outline I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overview II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current Technology Assessment III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain Analysis A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain Defined B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain and the Customer C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology Supporting Business Functions in the Value Chain D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology and Partnering Activities IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract Defined   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract in History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract in the Business Perspective   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regional issues with Social Contracts V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Global Issues VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managing Changes VII.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In 1991, Microsoft Corp. became the first software company to create its own computer science research organization. Microsoft has developed into a unique entity among corporate research labs, balancing an open academic model with an effective process for transferring its research to product development teams. Microsoft recognizes that to create the foundation for future technology breakthroughs, it is necessary to support long-term computer science research that is not bound by product cycles† (http://www.calibex.com/serv/calibex1/buyer/outpdir.jsp?search=microsoft+products). Today, the world-renowned scientists of Microsoft Research make up one of the largest, fastest-growing, and most highly respected software research organizations in the world — one that will help define and redefine the computing experience for millions of people for decades to come† Microsoft offers a variety of products such as operating systems, business/personal management software, multi-media software, databases, and exchange servers. They also provide help centers online and provide services over the telephone to help you with any problem you are having with their products (http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?LN=EN-GB). Value Chain Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you can discuss Microsoft’s value chain, you must first understand what a value chain is. According to the Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., the value chain can be described as: A way to analyze the specific activities through which firms can create a competitive advantage by modeling the firm as a chain of value-creating activities. (QuickMBS.com) The article further describes the value chain as maintaining five primary activities (Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing & Sales, and Services). The goal of these activities is to â€Å"create value that exceeds the cost of providing the product or service, thus generating a profit margin.† (QuickMBS.com) The primary activities can be defined as: â€Å"Inbound logistics include the receiving, warehousing, and inventory control of input materials. Operations are the value-creating activities that transform the inputs into the final product. Outbound logistics refer to the activities required to get the product to the customer, including warehousing, order fulfillment, etc. Marketing & Sales are those activities associated with getting buyers to purchase the product, including channel selection, advertising, pricing, etc. And Service, defined as activities that maintain and enhance the product’s value including customer support, repair services, etc.† (QuickMBS. Management Functions :: essays research papers Outline I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overview II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current Technology Assessment III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain Analysis A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain Defined B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Value Chain and the Customer C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology Supporting Business Functions in the Value Chain D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology and Partnering Activities IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract Defined   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract in History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Contract in the Business Perspective   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regional issues with Social Contracts V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Global Issues VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managing Changes VII.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In 1991, Microsoft Corp. became the first software company to create its own computer science research organization. Microsoft has developed into a unique entity among corporate research labs, balancing an open academic model with an effective process for transferring its research to product development teams. Microsoft recognizes that to create the foundation for future technology breakthroughs, it is necessary to support long-term computer science research that is not bound by product cycles† (http://www.calibex.com/serv/calibex1/buyer/outpdir.jsp?search=microsoft+products). Today, the world-renowned scientists of Microsoft Research make up one of the largest, fastest-growing, and most highly respected software research organizations in the world — one that will help define and redefine the computing experience for millions of people for decades to come† Microsoft offers a variety of products such as operating systems, business/personal management software, multi-media software, databases, and exchange servers. They also provide help centers online and provide services over the telephone to help you with any problem you are having with their products (http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?LN=EN-GB). Value Chain Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you can discuss Microsoft’s value chain, you must first understand what a value chain is. According to the Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., the value chain can be described as: A way to analyze the specific activities through which firms can create a competitive advantage by modeling the firm as a chain of value-creating activities. (QuickMBS.com) The article further describes the value chain as maintaining five primary activities (Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing & Sales, and Services). The goal of these activities is to â€Å"create value that exceeds the cost of providing the product or service, thus generating a profit margin.† (QuickMBS.com) The primary activities can be defined as: â€Å"Inbound logistics include the receiving, warehousing, and inventory control of input materials. Operations are the value-creating activities that transform the inputs into the final product. Outbound logistics refer to the activities required to get the product to the customer, including warehousing, order fulfillment, etc. Marketing & Sales are those activities associated with getting buyers to purchase the product, including channel selection, advertising, pricing, etc. And Service, defined as activities that maintain and enhance the product’s value including customer support, repair services, etc.† (QuickMBS.

Alcohol And Brine Shrimps

Abstract Alcohol catches the interest of many scientists because of its different effects on human, especially during pregnancy. These effects can also be seen in lower forms of organisms, such as that of the crustacean brine shrimp. By studying these, the scientists can get a better understanding on the mechanisms underlying the alcohol’s effects. When other conditions are held constant, a very high amount of alcohol should inhibit the growth or hatching of these brine shrimp eggs.By growing brine shrimp eggs exposed to different concentrations of alcohol and observing the larvae afterwards, the effects of alcohol on these organisms can be revealed in a quantified manner. To do so, volumes of 0. 0 mL. 0. 1 mL, 0. 25 mL and 0. 5 mL of a 100% alcohol were placed in different Petri dishes containing 10 mL of brine solution each. Brine shrimp eggs were then placed and left for a week before the eggs and larvae were obtained and counted. Results show that there are more eggs hatch ed on the system with no alcohol in it.Though the plate with higher alcohol content showed a relatively large number of hatched eggs, it has a higher amount of dead larvae compared to the dishes having lower alcohol content. This shows that alcohol works in two ways, preventing the hatching of brine shrimp eggs and causing deaths to the larvae. I. Introduction Brine shrimps (Artemia) are small crustaceans, and not closely related to the common shrimp. They are usually termed as â€Å"sea-monkeys† and sold in pet stores as fish food.They are very resistant in adverse conditions, and their eggs are able to stay dormant until the right environment induces their birth. Many of these are seen in large bodies of water, for they serve as food for the larger fish and other organisms present in the ecosystem. One interesting fact of these crustaceans is the ability of their eggs to undergo cryptobiosis, a characteristic where they exhibit a â€Å"hidden life† by maintaining a m etabolically inactive state. This happens during adverse conditions that inhibit the growth of the organism.In this case, brine shrimp eggs stay dormant as long as there are large fluctuations in the environment caused by factors such as temperature, oxygen content, and acidity. Because of this, brine shrimps are excellent to be test subjects for this experiment regarding the effects of alcohol on early development. Brine shrimp eggs can also hatch at a short span of time, and grow into larvae capable of swimming by themselves in just a matter of days. Furthermore, there are no known ethical issues regarding the use of these organisms. In fact, a number of studies using this genus have been performed throughout history.One of these is the research of Antonio Marquez’s group, where they tested the effects of bacteria on Artemia franciscana. They cultivated the organism in 10 different strains of bacteria together with some major feeds. The treatment resulted to the Artemis sur vivors having a longer length. The bacteria added played an important role in providing direct feed for the Artemia. They provided essential proteins, vitamins, amino acids, and inorganic nutrients (Marques, 2005). These results can be taken into consideration when designing this experiment.Since the experiment aims to determine the effects of alcohol only, the medium on which the brine shrimp are to be grown must be free of other substances, especially bacteria that might contribute additional nutrients for the organism to grow. The experiment by Marquez also shows the versatility of these brine shrimps in data gathering experiments done on the lab. They are easy to cultivate and grow. Another research, which can complement the purpose of this experiment, is the one tackling about the toxicity of the chemical diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) when exposed to Aremtia salina The group of S.Sanchez-Fortun and M. V. Barahona found out that on high concentrations of DFP, a longer develo pment time is evident on Artemia larvae. A more concentrated solution even showed death on some of the larvae. Several treatments were tested, including addition of the compounds atropine, physostigmine pyridostignime. But only the compound 2-pyridine aldoxime methoiodide (2-PAM) proved to be effective in preventing intoxication due to DFP (Sanchez-Fortum, 2007). These results show the lethal effects of some chemicals to the larvae of some organisms.Aside from DFP, alcohol is another substance that is believed to have bad effects on organisms during their pre-birth stage. In higher animals, such as humans, alcohol is usually blamed for miscarriages, prematurity, and many other defects on birth. This alarming substance caught the attention of many, and efforts have been made to make the public aware of the dangers posed by alcohol. Such effects of alcohol are made notice by Brimacombre and his team. Sometime before the year 2007 ended, they conducted a study to asses the knowledge of health professionals regarding fetal alcohol spectrum disorders or FASD.They conducted several presentations, lectures and demos to health professionals across New Jersey over a four-month period. The groups were then asked to answer a series of 20 questions to determine the depth of their understanding regarding FASD. The results showed that though they are well versed with the basics of FASD, these health group professionals reveal weaknesses in some important areas. One of these is the lack of knowledge on some core diagnosis and treatment of FASD. It was then concluded that more efforts must be done to further increase the awareness of the public to the facts of alcoholism (Brimacombe, 2008).If alcohol has a severe effect on humans, then it is safe to assume that it would also have a devastating impact on lower creatures such as the brine shrimps. This experiment is designed to illustrate the possible threats of varying concentration of alcohol to Artemia. The alcohol’s effects will be determined by adding varying amounts of it to the culture of unhatched brine shrimp eggs. The eggs and possible young hatchlings from the different treatments will then be manually counted and compared with each other.Taking into consideration prior knowledge and previous studies made, high alcohol content would not be optimum for the brine shrimps to live. The treatment containing the most alcohol would then probably have less or no brine shrimp larvae present compared to those cultures with little or no alcohol in it. II. Methodology Prior to the experiment, the solutions and equipments to be used were prepared. Four Petri dishes, brine solution, 100% alcohol, some toothpicks and a brine shrimp egg solution were placed close by for easy access.The Petri dishes were then marked with numbers â€Å"1†, â€Å"2†, â€Å"3† and â€Å"4†. A volume of 10 mL of brine solution was then added to each Petri dish. In the Petri dish labeled â€Å"1â € , 0. 1 mL of alcohol was added and mixed. In the same manner, 0. 25 mL of alcohol was added to Petri dish â€Å"2† and 0. 5 mL of it to Petri dish â€Å"3†. No alcohol was added to Petri dish â€Å"4†, as this is be used as the control system. A clean toothpick was then taken, wetting it by dipping it in a brine solution first, and then in the container with brine shrimp eggs.The eggs were then transferred to Petri dish â€Å"1† by slowly stirring the toothpick in the brine solution contained in the Petri dish until all eggs are dislodged from the toothpick. A new toothpick is then used to transfer eggs in the same manner to Petri dishes â€Å"2†, â€Å"3† and â€Å"4†, using a fresh toothpick for each Petri dish. The eggs were allowed to sit for a week and then they were observed. The eggs and larvae were counted using a toothpick and viewed with a microscope. The data were then recorded and compared.

Emergency Evacuation and Assembly Area

Instructions: Read Modules 3 – 6 from CWTS01 Program Module that is posted on the top of the Weekly Outline page. After reading it, read the case analysis for module 3 up to 6 and then answer the following questions. For Module 3: 1. Research on the Institute‘s fire / earthquake evacuation procedure. What are the steps that the school must observe during such emergency cases? * Before Fire or Earthquake: -Assist in training of emergency personnel under their command. – Designate an assembly area (or areas) for the building.Occupants of the building should be directed to assemble in this area when required to evacuate the building in an emergency. This will facilitate checking that all occupants are safe and enable speedy return to the building when the â€Å"all clear† is given. -Ensure that on each floor, or in each area, a current list of Floor and Area Wardens (and telephone numbers) is displayed, together with an emergency floor plan. The emergency floo r plan should show all rooms, exits, assembly area to be used in case of fire or emergency, fire alarms, extinguishers, fire hose reels and special emergency equipment. In the case of Fire or Emergency (the assistance of a deputy may be required to undertake some of these tasks): -Respond immediately to an alarm, determine the nature of the emergency. -Initiate Emergency Evacuation Procedures for the building. -Direct the actions of Floor and Area Wardens within the building. – Check that all occupants have proceeded to the designated assembly area. -In consultation with the Fire Service and the Emergency -Coordinator, advise occupants when it is safe to return to the building. 2. Do you agree with the current evacuation procedures being implemented? Justify your answer.I agree. Evacuation from buildings may be necessary as the result of fire, explosion, chemical leak, structural fault, equipment failure or bomb threat. These guidelines must be prepared principally for fire e mergencies, but they are suitable for use in other emergencies like earthquakes. 3. What problems do you think the students may encounter while conducting the evacuation? Stampede, chaos, panic are problems I think students may encounter while conducting the evacuation. 4. What plan of action/s do you suggest to address the possible problems the students may encounter during an evacuation?To initiate or exercise fire and earthquake drills. For Module 4: 1. Based on the story presented on the case analysis, what is / are main character's concern/s? Being not able to attend formal schooling, Mang Deolito is a no read, no write person. 2. How is the case of the main character similar to the other out-of-school youths in the country? Because of poverty, a lot of parents can’t afford to send their children to school. 3. What are the probable causes of the prevalent cases of individuals unable to attend school? Poverty and lack of interest are the causes of the prevalent cases of i ndividuals unable to attend school. 4.How can the problem of illiteracy in the Philippines be properly addressed? Government should provide free education for those people who are less fortunate. Free books should be provided for them to use and read. 5. How can the K+12 of the PNOY government alleviate the education here in the Philippines? Justify your answer. One of the major pros that the program has to offer is that additional years of education will make Filipino students more mature, competent, well-rounded, and globally competitive. Our students will benefit a lot from this as long as the government will provide the best curriculum suited to every student.For Module 5: 1. What are the current concerns of the said Barangay on the case analysis in terms of their youth groups? Some of the vendors reported a group of teenagers were seen sniffing solvents and rugby, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol in the area. Other vendors even claimed that they also use drugs and create a disturbance to the market stalls. These teenagers use the market place as their tambayan. They can be seen together almost from day to night. They also like to entice others to join them in their activities, some who refuse were seen with bruises.Moreover, the group likes to engage into fights with other groups they see as inferior. 2. What plans or undertakings do you suggest to respond to the concerns that the brgy. is facing in terms of recreation? First curfew should be implemented. For instance, at 10pm, no teenagers below 18 yrs. Should be seen roaming around outside their house. Kagawads should be visible at all times. In terms of recreation, aside from sportsfest, singing and dancing contest, beauty pageants and other recreations can be added to the program. For Module 6: 1. As a mapuan, how do you exercise the values being promoted by the Institute?DECIR (Discipline, Excellence, Commitment, Relevance, Integrity) I exercise these values by following school rules like fall ing in line when in the bookstore or canteen. Or just by simply attending my class on time. 2. Other than the DECIR, what other values do you think are being practised by the Mapuans? Patience and Honesty. 3. Suppose that the person on the case analysis is your friend. What pieces of advice can you give for him to appreciate the NSTP-CWTS Program of the Institute? Being a diligent person, I would advise him to internalize the importance of attending the NSTP-CWTS Program of the Institute.

How Does Arthutr Miller Create Tension and Conflict Between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the Start of Act 2

†The Crucible,† is a 1952 play written by Arthur Miller as an allegory of Mcarthyism. The play follows a theocratic society in which the church and the state are one, and reputation plays an important role in Salem where private and public moralities are the same. In act one, the secret affair of John Proctor and Abigail Williams was revealed that led to conflict between John and his wife. Divorce was not permitted in the late 16th century, hence, the Proctors had to maintain their marriage causing discord within the Proctor household.At the start of Act 2, Miller creates a tense atmosphere of animosity portrayed by John and Elizabeth Proctor in their lack of affection, awkwardness, appraisal and guilt leading to affliction. In the beginning of Act Two, Miller portrays the tension in the Proctors house by the awkward atmosphere between John and Elizabeth when John returns home late. John is desperately trying to maintain a light atmosphere in the house by complimenting El izabeths cooking saying that † It's well seasoned,† although we know that in fact it is John who in attempt to conceal Elizabeths bland cooking, had seasoned it himself.The author makes the audience feel the lack of natural affection between the Proctors by their forced attempts to please each other. Throughout their conversation, John tells Elizabeth that he is planning to buy George Jacobs heifer, saying † I mean to please you Elizabeth,† as he tries to mend their relationship and seek her forgiveness. However, it is obviously hard for her to welcome his attempts as he have had an affair with Abby, and her actions towards him are detached.It is clear that the atmosphere in the house is blank and tense, by Millers constant use of questions and short replies. In addition, the tension between John and Elizabeth Proctor is accentuated by Elizabeth's distrust and suspicion towards John, based on her knowledge on the affair between John and Abby. Elizabeth questi ons John's honesty when he told her he had been alone with Abigail saying † why, then, it is not as you told me,† bearing down on him for lacking to mention this part altough the audience knows it was just a brief encounter.Furthermore, Elizabeth constant judgements lead to John's critisism of her where he cannot keep conceal his anger towards Elizabeth's judgement. After Elizabeth confronted John about still having feelings towards her, John had warned her † You will not judge me anymore Elizabeth. Let you look to your improvement nefore you go to judge your husband anymore. † This shows that although John is trying desperately to please Elizabeth , he cannot do so when she is constantly judging him about his affair with Abigail.Consequently, much of the conflict between John and Elizabeth, Miller portrays through John's guilt over the affair. The audience feels that Elizabeth's knowledge of the affair, makes John feel judged. Elizabeth questions John about his feeling for Abigail saying †John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? † Elizabeth's judgement leads John to struggle to regain his dignity and trust before his wife.After Elizabeth had suggested John had yet some feeling left for Abigail, John replies by saying † I come into a court everytime I come into this house. † We are shown that John feels judged by Elizabeth every time he comes home that leads to his struggle to acquire Elizabeth's forgiveness, and retain his dignity before her. In act Two, John tells Elizabeth that † I confessed. Confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day,† revealing that he had confessed to her about the affair and almost expects her to give him some recognition for that.At the end of the scene, the astricted atmoshere remains within the couple when John pleads to Elizabeth, saying † Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not,† to which she replies † I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. † By this we are displayed Elizabeth's feeling towards John's accusation towards which she reveals to John that it is not her that he is being judged by, but in fact his quilty conscience over the affair.In Conclusion, the audince feels tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth in act two through Miller's use of scenes of frigidity, lack of natural affection, constant use of questions and short replies,Elizabeth's suspicion and distrust of John and their constant judgement of each other . This scene plays an important role to the events that were building up in Salem, as the conflict in their household can almost represent the hysteria that was building up in Salem at that time with constant suspicions, distrusts and judgement.

Organizations and institutions Essay

Maintaining and preserving the environment has been one of the key issues that have been prevalent in the present time. Creating avenues for environmental sustainability has continuously been evident among states, organizations and institutions. The same applies for the marine ecology particularly the Giant Blue-Fin tuna. The continuous decline of its population has been alarming different sectors in the economy as well as different environmental NGOs. Thus, it created numerous efforts among different organizations and governments to protect the Giant Blue-Fin Tuna. By controlling the amount of Giant Blue-Fin Tuna captured daily, the population of such species can be saved and be prevented from extinction. The Giant Blue-Fin tuna is considered one of the most prized species in the marine kingdom. â€Å"Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), aka bluefin tuna, horse mackerel, northern bluefin tuna is regarded as one of the most highly evolved fish species and one of the most prized fish in danger of over fishing. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) A Giant Blue-Fin is characterized under the category of ‘tuna’ due to their unique composition. â€Å"Tuna, originating from the Greek word meaning â€Å"to rush,† usually swim at speeds of 1. 5-4 kts, can maintain 8 kts for some time, and can rarely break 20 kts for short periods. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) The Blue-Fin tuna is classified under the Scombridae family and it is considered to be the largest specie under such classification. â€Å"It is one of the largest bony fishes and can reach lengths of up to 3 m, although they are more commonly found from . 5-2 m in length. Adult weights range from 136-680 kg, although the upper weight range is rare. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) Its appearance can be described to be â€Å"dark blue to black near the dorsal surface and silvery near the ventral surface. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) In addition, Giant Blue-Fin tuna lives from 15 – 30 years. Also, Giant Blue-Fin tunas are considered to be warm blooded fishes. â€Å"Atlantic bluefin are homeothermic (â€Å"warm-blooded†) and are therefore able to thermoregulate keeping their body temperatures higher than the surrounding water, which is why they are so well adapted to colder waters. † Locations The Giant Blue-Fin tuna are only located in certain places. â€Å"Bluefin are highly migratory and limited numbers of individuals may cross the Atlantic in as little as 60 days and are widely distributed throughout the Atlantic and can be found from Newfoundland all the way to the coast of Brazil. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) In addition, â€Å"they range in the eastern Atlantic as far north as Norway and down to northern West Africa. Bluefin tagged in the Bahamas have been captured in Norway as well as off the coast of Brazil. Bluefin in the South Atlantic belong to a distinct southern population, with known spawning areas south of Java, Indonesia. † (MarineBio. org, 2007, p. 1) Current Problems In the course of time as development begins to step into the picture, certain negative and adverse have began to emanate from the process. The most affected sector in the development process is the environment. As humans continue to develop technologically the consequences of such improvements have been the environment and the ecosystem. With this, it can be argued that the marine ecosystem has also been suffering the same fate. Such occurrence does not spare the Giant Blue-Fin tuna as its population gradually and continuously declines over the years. It is widely known that the Giant Blue-fin tuna serves as an important source of food and income among the fishing industry. â€Å"Once, giant bluefin migrated by the millions throughout the Atlantic Basin and the Mediterranean Sea, their flesh so important to the people of the ancient world that they painted the tuna’s likeness on cave walls and minted its image on coins. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 1) The Giant Blue-fin tuna are regarded by many to be a source of delicious food particularly in the making of sushi. â€Å"The giant, or Atlantic, bluefin possesses another extraordinary attribute, one that may prove to be its undoing: Its buttery belly meat, liberally layered with fat, is considered the finest sushi in the world. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 1) Too much hunting With the huge demand for its meat, the Giant Blue-fin tuna has been a victim of excessive hunting by different fishermen and institutions. â€Å"Over the past decade, a high-tech armada, often guided by spotter planes, has pursued giant bluefin from one end of the Mediterranean to the other, annually netting tens of thousands of the fish, many of them illegally. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 1) In addition, with the application of the technological advantages in fisheries, the decline of Giant Blue-fin tuna rose exaggeratedly. â€Å"The decimation of giant bluefin is emblematic of everything wrong with global fisheries today: the vastly increased killing power of new fishing technology, the shadowy network of international companies making huge profits from the trade, negligent fisheries management and enforcement, and consumers’ indifference to the fate of the fish they choose to buy. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 1) Enforcement or Request There had been different efforts by states as well as international organizations in addressing these issues. Fishing of Giant Blue-fin can never be banned due to the relative demand of consumers for their meat. Thus, organizations and states arranged quotas for local and international fishermen on how much each should fish. However, these quotas are oftentimes neglected or not followed. â€Å"The group charged with managing bluefin tuna stocks, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT), has acknowledged that the fleet has been violating quotas egregiously. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 2) In addition, recognizing the constant decline of Giant Blue-Fin tuna in the ocean, ICCAT has requested different states and companies to reduce their quotas to allow these species to populate and multiply, however, these organizations and states declined. â€Å"But despite strong warnings from its own biologists, ICCAT—with 43 member states—refused to reduce quotas significantly last November, over the objections of delegations from the U. S. , Canada, and a handful of other nations. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 2) It has been predicted that if this type of fishing continues, then such industry would collapse and the Giant Blue-fin can become extinct. â€Å". Scientists estimate that if fishing continues at current levels, stocks are bound to collapse. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 2) What can be done There are different mechanisms that environmentalist and the government have tried to enforce to prevent the continuous over fishing of these species. However, little compliance can be seen in the process due to the high demand posed by the Giant Blue-Fin tuna especially in the world market. Thus, it is necessary for states and groups to enhance the level of monitoring and implementation of rules and legislation. In addition, stricter measures must be enforced to facilitate a better future for these creatures. Effective Management Effective management can be a solution to the long and impeding problem of over fishing in the ocean for Giant Blue-Fin tuna. â€Å"Experts agree that, first, the world’s oceans must be managed as ecosystems, not simply as larders from which the fishing industry can extract protein at will. †(Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) By creating effective and efficient management mechanisms can help enhance the efforts in improving the overall status of Giant Blue-Fin tuna. â€Å"Second, the management councils that oversee fisheries, such as ICCAT, long dominated by commercial fishing interests, must share power with scientists and conservationists. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) Cutting Fishing Vessels The constant decline of Giant Blue-Fin tuna are due to numerous fishermen who catches them. One possible scenario that legislators and organizations can do is limiting the number of allowed fishermen and industries who will engage in such actions. By doing so, it can help the population of the Giant Blue-Fin tuna to increase. â€Å"Further, governments must cut back the world’s four million fishing vessels—nearly double what is needed to fish the ocean sustainably—and slash the estimated 25 billion dollars in government subsidies bestowed annually on the fishing industry. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) Setting quotas and marine sanctuaries By creating quotas, Giant Blue-Fin tuna population can be maintained and can provide an avenue for an increase in population. â€Å"For giant bluefin in the Mediterranean, that may mean shutting down the fishery during the spawning season and substantially increasing the minimum catch weight. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) But with this situation comes with effective and efficient inspection and enforcement among the state, agency and organization in-charge of the process. Also, by creating marine sanctuaries in the area, Giant Blue-Fin tuna can survive the excessive amount of fishing by fishermen in a certain area. Marine sanctuaries seek to protect the overall area where Giant Blue-Fin tuna are situated. This means that they cannot be caught. â€Å"Another crucial step, both in the Mediterranean and around the world, would be the creation of large marine protected areas. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) Campaigning for change can also help in the process of conservation and sustainability. â€Å"Also important are campaigns by such groups as the Marine Stewardship Council, which is working with consumers as well as retail giants to promote trade in sustainably caught fish. † (Montaigne, 2007, p. 4) Conclusion The Giant Blue-Fin tuna is characterized to be an important part of the overall marine ecosystem. Taking them out in the overall system can create disparities and consequences in the marine ecosystem. Thus, the continuous decline of Giant Blue-Fin tuna must be addressed to sustain the continuous demand of people in the future. By creating efficient and effective monitoring mechanisms as well as legislation, the lives of Giant Blue-Fin tuna shall be sustained. It is our responsibility to continue addressing this for it shall be the future generations that will suffer if actions shall not be put into place and changes to occur in near time. References MarineBio. org (2007) Atlantic Bluefin Tuna. Retrieved November 28, 2007 from http://marinebio. org/species. asp? id=236 Montaigne, F. (2007) ‘Still Waters: The Global Fish Crisis’ in National Geographic: Interactive Edition. Retrieved November 28, 2007 from h http://www7. nationalgeographic. com/ngm/0704/feature1/index. html

How to Play Soccer

Period 4 03/03/10 Playing Soccer Soccer, or Football as many people may call it, is one of the most popular sports around the world today. Most people that play this wonderful and thrilling sport have many techniques in doing so. Every person has a unique style of playing. There are also different tactics and dribbling methods involved when playing soccer. Here are some ways of playing soccer and becoming better at it while practicing hard and developing new soccer skills.Warming up before starting a soccer match is the key because by doing so, you avoid getting your muscles hurt. This step should always be included when playing any sport not just soccer in order to play better and obtain better results. Doing drills is one way to warm –up. There are a variety of soccer drills available to start warming up before actually playing. One really good drill to warm –up is to place cones in a straight line and separate them about one foot apart. Then have a couple of balls at the first cone and start running around each cone with a ball on your feet.When you are done with one round, leave the ball at the end of the route and start the next round with a new ball. Another great warm –up exercise is to run about two laps in order to get your muscles and joints hot and ready. A series of small exercises are needed to start playing smoothly such as, jumping jacks, sit –ups, running in place, and push-ups. These are all great warm-up exercises before playing a soccer game. The next step in playing soccer is to actually play against your opponent.The objective of a soccer game is to score as many goals as possible on your opponent’s goal. The forwards need to score as many goals as possible and the defense needs to block any chances of a goal coming to their goal. The goalie is very important too because she/he is the one that keeps the other team from scoring, by blocking all the possibilities with their hands, feet, or even their body. T he midfielders are the ones who get the ball back to their teammates and run back and forth the whole match. They are also mportant in a game because they distribute the ball throughout the soccer field and make the game flow better. Cool down is the last step of playing soccer. You should walk with your hands over your head. This helps because your lungs become smaller when you run and by doing this exercise you expand your lungs again. While doing this you can also drink water or any electrolyte drink with vitamins. This helps you by getting all of your energy boosted back to your body. Eating healthy snacks after a game is also very important because when you exercise your body looses vitamins and nutrients.Fruits, vegetables, and granola bars are a great way to get all of those lost nutrients and revitalize your body system. Relaxing is the last step you should do to reduce stress after playing soccer. Also when you get home you should take a hot shower to reduce fatigue and soo the your muscles. By doing all of these steps you can become a really good soccer player and even the next Cristiano Ronaldo or Lionel Messi who are the two best soccer players in the world today! These are all the reasons I have to tell you that soccer is one of the best sports in the world today.