Eugenics, The Progressive Development Of The Idea

The term â€Å"eugenics† derived from Greek with the prefix eu- for â€Å"good† and the suffix -genos for â€Å"birth† is defined as the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race. The idea began to arise in the eighteenth century with the theories of evolution and the discussions of race, which gave an opportunity for some to consider and judge that certain traits and features were better and more appealing than others. In this analysis, we will be focusing on the beginning of eugenics, the progressive development of the idea until it’s apogee in the twentieth century, we will also discuss its advocating and the propaganda it received and we will conclude with the ethical implications that this idea rises. The term eugenics was coined by Francis Galton in 1883. However, the idea emerged well before, in the 1700’s with the discussions of race and questions of the superiority of some over the others. Although the main aim of these scientific discussions and theories was to obtain a better explanation and more understanding of the human nature and to ultimately answer the question of why we have so many different races, it was nearly impossible to preclude the idea of a possible superiority of certain races being over others, or of a few to be less better than the rest. To support this idea, Voltaire in his essay said: â€Å"what is the most interesting to us is the sensible difference in the species of men, who inhabit the four known quarters of theShow MoreRelatedThe Social Darwinism Of The World War I1311 Words   |  6 Pagesstate-enforced Social Darwinism of eugenics. Despite the widespread Christian attack on Darwinian tenets, Christians did not fight the eugenics movement in an effective way. Eventually, even legislatures controlled by Christians fell to the false promises of eugenics. Despite poignant criticism of eugenics among scientists in the United States, more than 30,000 individuals were forcibly sterilized. In an ironic twist of fate, the Nazis Party s adoption of American Eugenics programs led to the virtualRead More Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States1580 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States I. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900 â€Å"The roots of anthropology lie in the eye-witness accounts of travelers who have journeyed to lands on the margins of state-based societies and described their cultures and in the efforts of individuals who have analyzed the information collected. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, a number of anthropologists recognized that the practice of anthropology was intimatelyRead MoreProcreation2665 Words   |  11 PagesHercules in new Renaissance philosophical script, seeing as the man who dominates Nature and creates his reign: the Regnum Hominis (Kingdom of Human Being). Prominent British philosopher Francis Bacon made this declaration in 16th century. Bacons ideas was a starting point in developing new humanistic and scientific approach in understanding of nature of mankind. The significance of Bacons â€Å"Regnum Hominis† for secular humanist is as follows: to subdue nature (include human biological nature) throughRead MoreThe Theory Of Progressive Evoluti on1726 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, the theory of progressive evolution by selection through natural challenges and sexual preference across geological epochs as argued in the On the Origin of Species (1859)4 was still to be considered by all reasonable, educated persons as an astounding, unprecedented achievement. In historical terms, a dividing line has been reinforced between the pre and post-Darwinian worlds, emphasising the supposed difference between biological guesswork and precise judgement. A sense of caution andRead MoreEugenics, A New Science Of Heredity1879 Words   |  8 PagesEugenics, a new science of heredity was first introduced in 1883, brought about to address the budding fears and threats to the purity and fitness of the British race. A fear brought upon by events such as the Boer War in 1899, forced Britain to question the spectrum of degeneracy within the population and resolve the issue of bringing the British and White race back to strength, unified and f it. Sir Francis Galton defined eugenics as â€Å"the study of agencies under social control that may improve orRead MoreThe Concept Of A Paradigm Shift1640 Words   |  7 PagesMicheal Shermer similarly outlined the emphasis Neo-Darwinism placed on constant reiteration of the importance of Darwin s â€Å"idea†, defined as a singular, revolutionary entity within the history of science that was first exclusively formed in 1837 and confirmed by others1 in the vein of Thomas S. Kuhn2 (as opposed to the very gradual process of disciplinary development in evolutionary science described in nuance by Ruse, albeit with the same revolutionary interpretation present3). Coyne likewiseRead More The Rise and Fall of the Eugnics Movement Essay3928 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction According to Merriam-Webster.com, eugenics is defined as â€Å"the theory dealing with the production or treatment of a fine, healthy race.† Despite this seemingly innocent representation, eugenics is an extremely controversial science. Some even debate whether or not it is worthy of the label of science, or if it’s just a form of intellectual racism. Nevertheless, eugenics was greatly embraced and was behind a scientific and social revolution during the late 19th century through theRead MoreBlack And Brown Youth Were Criminalized By The State Similarly1583 Words   |  7 PagesBlack and Brown youth were criminalized by the state similarly in the Progressive era and the era of Globalization in order to facilitate a political and economic project that resembled colonialist events. Through the structure of law in relationship to capital facilitated by discourse and ideology, the development of police brutality against people of color was adjusted as the city of Los Angel es (L.A) grew. With the influx of White European descendants and immigrants, the alienation and discriminationRead MoreThe Contemporary Concept Of Mental Illness Essay1928 Words   |  8 Pageshealth became a snowballing topic encapsulating vast changes in discourse and ideas influenced heavily by the changing epistemes of the period. Post-structuralism is a term used to describe the work of mid-twentieth-century philosophers and critical theorists. The theory developed from structuralism and came to prominence in the 1960s (Bensmaia, 2005). Although the rise and fall of the asylum system has a progressive biomedical story, it can also be told with a post-structuralist narrative of socialRead More Genetic Determinism2854 Words   |  12 Pageschild-labor laws and a progressive income tax (Knapp et al. 8). The Eugenics movement that followed married Social Darwinism with genetics. Eugenics was an accepted part of mainstream science (Steen 34). Followers believed that poverty†¦and criminality were hereditary (Steen 39) and encouraged superior genetic stock (Knapp 8). The movement called for sterilization of inferior people and limiting of immigration in order to purify the gene pool. Eugenics and the idea of racial purity were soon

Affirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal...

Affirmative action is a program that serves to rectify the effects of purportedly past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and opportunities to minorities and women. Affirmative action programs were an outgrowth of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movements and the Civil Rights and Equal Opportunity legislation of the 1960s. Close to fifty years later, the practice of affirmative action has been at the vanguard of intense debate more than any other time in its history. Hardly a week goes by that the subject of affirmative action does not come up in some context (e.g., in both the private and public employment sectors as well as in the educational sphere). A growing number of programs including quotas, preferential hiring, minority scholarship, and reverse discrimination have all been categorized under this controversial policy; and all ostensibly seek to break down the wall of segregation that excluded racial minorities and women from occupational and educational placement throughout much of American history. The analysis of affirmati ve action in this thesis will first consider the changing face of affirmative action from all perspectives: race and gender-based as it has been applied in private employment, public employment, and higher education. Following a glimpse into the definition of affirmative action, the analysis presents a history and general overview of affirmative action, including a discussion of the various f01111s of affirmative actionShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action And Equal Opportunity709 Words   |  3 PagesI. Introduction A. Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity in Employment have been used to ensure that all minorities are given an opportunity to succeed in America. Equal Opportunity itself is a concept hinted at by the founders in the Constitution, whereas Affirmative Action is the government policy that brings about Equal Opportunity in Employment. Has Affirmative Action actually managed to right the wrongs of previous discrimination of minorities or has it only compounded the discriminationRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative action can be described as positive discrimination. It is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education. Affirmative action means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to creative new opportunities that were previously denied minorities and women. Affirmative action itself has been defined as any measure, beyond simple termination of a discriminatoryRead MoreEqual Employment Opportunity ( Eeo ), Affirmative Action And Diversity Initiatives Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesEqual Employment Opportunity (EEO), Affirmative Action and Diversity initiatives are three different concepts. However, they do have an inter-relation between them. Affirmative Action plans are initiated by the federal government. This programme ensures equal opportunities for employment and opportunities for self-development at workplace. It provides opportunities to qualified individuals who have been denied such opportunities in the past on some kind of discrimination. Primarily, it is a quotaRead MoreAffirmative Action : The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative Action has been around for many decades from around the 1940s. Although it has not always been called affirmative action, the official title was not introduced until the 1960s. Back then affirmative action was more known as segregation or discrimination in the workplace or there lack of. The women and people of color were the targets of discrimination, which several presidents tried to correct for equality. The Past During the Great Depression affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action1559 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INTRODUCTION Affirmative Action is an employment legislation protection system that is intended to address the systemized discrimination faced by women and minorities. It achieves this by enforcing diversity through operational intrusions into recruitment, selection, and other personnel functions and practices in America. Originally, Affirmative Action arose because of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s desire to integrate society on educationalRead MoreAffirmative Action : Gender Action Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action (ADD PROPER INTRO) Affirmative action, in its broadest sense, are attempts to help create labor and educational opportunities for groups that have been disadvantaged in the past. (Miriam Webster). Evidence has shown that throughout history, many groups have been discriminated against, and because of past (discriminations?), they continue to experience obstacles in areas of hiring, promotion, renting, buying, gaining education, and everyday economic activities. Thus, affirmativeRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination in America Today Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pages just as America is built around the idea of racism. As the civil rights activist and scholar Derrick Bell would say, Racism is an integral, permanent, and indestructible component of this society. He proclaims that no matter what blacks do to better their status, they are doomed to fail as long as the majority of whites do not see their own well being threatened by the status quo. Racism plays a large role in limiting opportunities and negati vely affecting the lives of the majority of black folksRead MoreThe Founding Years Of America1692 Words   |  7 Pagesgender, or sexual orientation are created equal, without preference to some groups, until the day that preference to race and gender began to occur within the education frontier. In the hopes of improving chances of like-minded individuals who experienced direct discrimination, Universities were obliged to improve educational opportunities of groups who have experienced prejudice in the past, though a practice called Affirmative Action. The Civil Rights Act was created in 1964 to prohibit discriminationRead MoreMinorities Affected By Civil And Equal Rights965 Words   |  4 PagesMinorities Affected by Civil and Equal Rights â€Å"The Times They Are A-Changin† is a lyrical poem written by Bob Dylan. â€Å"The Fear of Losing a Culture’ is an auto-biographical essay written by Richard Rodriguez. Both of these literary works have a shared theme of change and social conflict. However, both works were written at different times in history. There are similarities as well as differences between the two works. The shared theme of change for these two works is the change that is taking placeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. From

Business Entrepreneur Women Business Entrepreneur - Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Business Entrepreneur for Women Business Entrepreneur. Answer: Entrepreneur has evolved from a French term entreprendre which means to undertake (Kuratko, 2008).Today business entrepreneur are consider to be one who takes risk and creates, organizes and manages the business. Entrepreneurs are business leaders, innovators, developers. They are imbibed with qualities like passion, self discipline and competitive spirit. (Zimmerman, 2008), Business entrepreneurs generally do those things which are not done in normal course by challenging their own strength. Katie page is 59 years Australian born renowned women business entrepreneur. Her net worth is Net Worth $50.8 Million (Katie Page Net Worth, 2016). She is the CEO of Harvey Norman an international retail store. She is named as the fourth most powerful women by The Australian Business Review's list of the "50 most powerful women in business". (Korporal, 2015). She was born in year 1956 .she grew up with her other three sisters in Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. Her father was a banker. She grew up in a middle class family. She did her high education from Brisbane high school and started working in Sydney at an age of 21. She had all the qualities of a strong business entrepreneur (Kay Lesley Harvey Page, 2016). Before joining Harvey Norman she worked as a surveyor for a short period. She joined Harvey Norman in the year 1983 as an assistant. She was responsible then to carry out ad campaigns, sales and marketing strategies. She married Gerry Harvey in the year 1988 .They have two kids . Gerry Harvey is the chairman of Harvey Norman with a net worth of $1.75 billion (The World Billionaires, 2016). Both are working together since 1987 when the company first listed on the Australian exchange. Page became the CEO in year 1999 and currently she is the longest serving CEO in Australia. She has also served as director of Rebel Sport Limited and is a director of Pertama holding limited (page, 2016). She is responsible for revolutionizing the retail market in Australia through her company Harvey Norman. She together with her husband is providing platform to the young entrepreneurs to sell their goods. Harvey Norman is dealing in electronics, furniture and consumer electronic goods. (Bartlett, 2012) Harvey Norman is Australian based retailer which deals in, bedding, computers, furniture communications and consumer electronic products. It is operating in more than seven countries in retail sector and has an overall turnover of $ 2.6 billion. It has a franchise operation with over $ 4.8 billion a year. Harvey Norman was found in Australia by Harvey and Ian Norman in year 1961. They opened an electronic appliance store. Since then Harvey Norman is creating history. Page joined Harvey Norman in 1983. She became the CEO in the year 1999 since then she is proving to be the biggest asset to the company. It is under her guidance the company showed tremendous market growth. Her vision of expanding the market operations to other nations made Harvey Norman a renowned name everywhere. It was her entrepreneurial skills which made Harvey Norman a household name. They have their stores in Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia Slovenia, Ireland and Singapore. It has a good market standing in all ove r Australia and serves the needs of new business enthusiast (Company Profile .2016). Harvey Norman is providing a good platform to retailers to sell their goods. Retailers from all over Australia can apply at Harvey Norman. It is providing franchise to small retailers in Australia to sell their goods .As a franchisor Norman grants franchises to independentbusiness operators. Those who want to deal in products like Electrical, Computers Communications,Small Appliances, Furniture, Bedding ,Home Renovations , Lighting and Carpet Flooring can apply for franchising (Company Profile .2016).. Harvey Norman expanded its operations in New Zealand in 1996, in Singapore in 2000, Malaysia, Ireland and Slovenia in 2003. Currently it is operating in seven countries and has a future plan to expand (Korporal, 2015).It started its online operations in 2001 since than they are growing at a steady rate. Harvey Norman annual revenue of 4.9 billion in the year ended June 2015 and a net worth of $ 165 million". (Asias power Businesswoman, 2015). Page with Gerry Harvey is taking their business to other horizon. They believe in creating business opportunity in Australia. Ever since its incorporation the company is doing wonder in Australian Market. The company has shown tremendous growth in these years (Cook, 2015). It is ruling the retail market in almost all consumer electronics segment. Gerry Harvey with his wife is an inspiration for the youth of the country. Gerry Harvey supports the interest of budding business enthusiast. It is due to his business mind and Page vision the company has touched zenith. The main reason behind their success is the love for business. Harvey Norman is built due to excessive advertising; good values and an exceptional business tactics which are carried forward by Katie Page (Humphrey, 2010).Page acknowledge her company to be different from other Australian companies. Where other companies fail to carry their operations locally Harvey Norman is setti ng a very high bench mark in international market. Katie Page has a strong passion for designing houses. She loves making investment in real estate. This adds on another feather to her hat (Korporal, 2015). Page believes in supporting young entrepreneurs who wants to make a difference to society. Katie Page considers retail sector has a lot of scope in future and urges to make a good investment (Korporal, 2015). Katie Page net worth is $50.8 millionAustralian dollars according to the BRW 2011 Rich List. She is the richest female executive in Australia (Katie Page Net Worth, 2016).Katie Page is an example for the rest of the Australian working women. She supports women cause and pioneer women development by supporting through her various organizations. Apart from above mentioned facts Katie page has a set of leadership skills which distinguishes her from rest of the people. Katie Page believes in accepting roles which would add meaningful contribution to her passion (Kidman and Feher , 2016). Katie page is an active supporter of various sports. Page with her husband co-own Magic Millions auction house of horses , which auctions horses .People from all over the world comes up to buy race horses(Margan,2016). She was the first women to be elected as the president of National Rugby League. She supports women participation in sports activities which would eventually help in their betterment. Page has initiated the cause of women sportsmanship. She asks other entrepreneur to help those sports activities which need any monetary help. She considers women to be the future of the country .It is very much essential to promote their interest. In 2004 she becomes the first woman president of National Rugby League and has sponsored women league in 2005(Bruce, 2012).She has sponsored NRL series for 15 years. Her company sponsored the National Rugby League'sState of Origin seriesfor almost 5 years. They still sponsors the Women in League round andIndigenous All Starsmatch. (John, 2015). She is an active supporter of Racing Women Incentive Bonus. She is an active ambassador of Zara Philips which is an active Racing Women Initiative (Zoe, 2014). Page not only support the above mentioned causes but owns Muslim Australian Football League, 2011. She promotes female interest in every kind of sports. Page, herself is an enthusiastic badminton player. She considers sports as an essential activity for mental and physical growth (Bruce, 2012). Apart from Harvey Norman Katie page has diversified their investment in various others field. She has made a good investment in Australia .Currently she is making investment in New South Wales and Queenslands. It was due to her love for designing she is making an investment project in Queensland by creating boutique bungalow. The Bungalows are designed under her supervision (Emily, 2015).All the projects are marked excellent on quality standards. These projects are marked one of the best investment projects in Australia (Speghen, 2016) Harvey Norman is considering being a revolution due to bold aspiration of Page and Gerry. Apart from consumer electronic goods it has several other holding companies. At present it is working only in seven countries but it can be seen the company is doing remarkably well in the countries of operation. Instead of diversifying in different sector the company should concentrate on working at their core strength. There dream was to set an exemplary difference in history of world. Page and Gerry are causing a tremendous growth in the sector of retail industry. They are creating huge employment opportunity in Australia for small retailers. There core strength and strategies are marked one of the best. Katie page has passed all the exemplary criteria and running the most successful business enterprise with her dedication (Kidman and Feher, 2016) Katie page is sometimes ignored and all credit goes in the hands of Gerry Harvey. But it is only due to her effort the company has shown an exemplary growth. Her vision took her dreams to other level. Today Harvey Norman is a renowned business retailer. It is providing a platform to young blood to showcase their dream of retail business. Page and Gerry are considered to be the most successful business couple. They both have earned recognition due to a dynamic and practical approach (page, 2016). Page seems to be the most idealist business women .Its only due to her ambition and passion which made her a familiar name in Australia. Her approach towards seeing positive things in almost every business opportunity has bought fame. References Asias power Businesswoman 2015. [Online]. Available at https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45hmgg/katie-page-58-australia/[Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Barlett, J.2012.Katie Page - The New Face of Retail . [ONLINE]. Available at https://www.womeninfocus.com.au/t5/Community-Stories/Katie-Page-The-New-Face-of-Retail/ba-p/1985 [Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Bruce, Mike.2012.Passions on Field. The Sunday mail. [ONLINE]. Available at: https://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/katie-pages-passions-of-the-field/story-fn6ck8la-1226238846398 [Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Company Profile .2016.https://www.harveynormanholdings.com.au/companyprofile.htm [Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Cook, C.2015. Norman co-founder Gerry Harvey is seeing the green shoots of the Australian economy [ONLINE]. Available at: https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/business/sa-business-journal/harvey-norman-co-founder-is-seeing-the-green-shoots-of-the-australian-economy/story-e6fredel-1226598368721 Harvey. [Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Humphrey, N.2010. The Penguin Small Business Guide: The Complete Reference Handbook For Sm.UK: Penguin Katie Page Net Worth.2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celebrity-business/women/katie-page-net-worth/ Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Kay Lesley Harvey Page.2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=8084256privcapId=6478902 Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Kidman, M. and Feher, A.2016. Master CEOs: Insights from Australia's Leading CEOs. US: John Wiley Sons Kirby, J.2011. Gerry Harvey: Business Secrets of Harvey Norman's Retailing Mastermind. Wiley Korporaal, G.2015 50 most powerful women in business: 4. Katie Page [ONLINE]. Available at https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/the-deal-magazine/50-most-powerful-women-in- Available at business-4-katie-page/news-story/286278802b1e16c3b2a71a0b260513d1[Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Kuratko, D.2008. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. US: Cengage Learning, Margan,M.2016 .Magic Millions owner and Harvey Norman CEO Katie Page slashes the price of her stunning coastal home by almost $2 MILLION - but it will still set you back $3.35 million. Available at:https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3624850/Gerry-Harvey-s-wife-Katie-Page-slashes-price-Kingscliff-home-half-order-sell-quickly.html#ixzz4JMz0IkAq. [Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Sbeghen, H.2016.Magic Millions co-owner Katie Page cuts ties with Kingscliff investment property. Available at: https://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/news/gold-coast/magic-millions-coowner-katie-page-cuts-ties-with-kingscliff-investment-property/news-story/02a08b536ff5035c1ccc590fe707d908 Accessed on: September 5, 2016] The World Billionaires .Available at: https://www.forbes.com/profile/gerry-harvey/[Accessed on: September 5, 2016] Zimmerman, J.2008. Refining the Definition of Entrepreneurship.US: Pepperdine University. Education

Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System Overview Prison recidivism is a problem in the United States, resulting in prison overcrowding. As the government struggles to address the conditions in prisons, researchers have begun to look at alternatives to incarceration. These alternatives can result in lowering crime, recidivism and the prison population (Lanagan 2002). Need essay sample on "Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The numbers of people in the United States spending time in prison and the amount of time people are spending is an enormous problem and cost for every state Llanagan 2002). The rate of incarceration has doubled in the last twenty years. Sixty percent of these people are serving time in prison for non-violent offenses. Only Russia has a higher rate of incarceration than the United States. Eventually, the great majority of criminals are released back to society (Messina 2006). Since it is clear that the likelihood of re-offending is high, and increases over time, preventative programs are being studied and implemented across the United States as well as other countries. The rehabilitative and preventative program work to address the transition n to the community and focus in on particular problems for the individual (Cochran 2007). Many of these program focus on the problems associated with substance abuse and addiction as this issues is rampant among individual in the criminal justice system. People Frequently Tell Us:I'm don't want to write my paper now. I don't have the timeProfessional writers recommend:We Write All Kinds Of PapersCheap Essay Helper Hire Writers For Blogs Pay For Writing Cheap Essay Help Programs and services for individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system are also being developed across the country. In many areas, professional have referred to the prisons and jails throughout the country as de facto mental institution (Cochran 2007). The number of people with a mental illness incarcerated each year is more that seven times the number of people hospitalized (Peters 2005). More than sixty percent of incarcerated individuals are minorities. Another population that is increasing fast is the number of women in the criminal justice system. There are many complex reasons one can link to the rising rate of arrest and incarceration. These involve society issues such as poverty, unemployment, gang involvement, substance abuse, lack of educational opportunities, etc. As a result of crime, lawmakers have made changes to address the issue including mandatory sentencing, and three strikes laws (Roberts 2001). The responses to get tougher on crime have in some ways back fired. Continually arresting and sentencing an individual for drug related offences does not appear to be the answer, given the statistics. The Data A study by the US Department of Justice found that over 60% of prisoners released are rearrested within three years. The Department of Justice reviewed the cases of 300,000 individuals released from prison in 1994 and completed a similar review of prisoners released in 1983.More than half (52%) were back in prison within three years for either a violation of their parole or for a new crime. Individual in prison for robbery and burglary had the highest rate of re-offence (over 70%) (Zamble 2002). Individuals in prison for homicide and rape had lower rearrest rates of around 40%, still high enough to raise serious concerns for society. On average, prisoners had accrued fifteen charges prior to their initial prison sentence (Langan 2002). On average, prisoners remain in prison nearly five years, but served only about one third of their original sentence. The great majority of prisoner, about 70% had more than five prior arrests. Date indicates that six moths following release approximately one third of criminal have re-offended. That number grows to about forty-five percent after two years and to nearly seventy percent in three years (Langan 2002). Mental Illness Persons with mental illness represent approximately more than fifteen percent of the prison population, more than 100,000 persons across the United States. This number does not include the even larger number of inmates in local and county jails ( Lovell 2002). More than half of these prisoner released, were later rearrested. Unlike other populations of prisoners, those with mental illness are not generally able to advocate for themselves. There voices are not heard by the community at large. Social workers and mental health professionals have begun to study this issue and develop programs to link individual with appropriate services and prevent the re-offending behavior. (Lovell 200). Additionally, models on the front end that keep mentally ill individuals out of local jails are being developed. For example, The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model involves local police working along with mental health professions to quickly identify and divert mentally ill people from the law enforc ement system to the mental health system. This model is being used in Memphis Tennessee and has become a national model, replicated in many communities. Early data on this program indicates that arrests are decreasing and referrals to mental health services are increasing. In the long term, keeping mentally ill individuals out of jail, keeps them out of prisons (Cochran 2007). Substance Abuse Programs are also being designed to address the population of individuals who are incarcerated and re-incarcerated as the result of serious substance abuse and dependence problems (Hiller 1999). The development of what has become known as a therapeutic community within the confines of the prison can be used to begin the assessment and treatment of people with substance abuse problems Following the treatment in prison, the referral, to a community based residential program for continued treatment and support further improves the outcomes in the long term. The research concludes that the criminal justice system must develop release plans that include a continuum of services from the prison to the community. Society as a whole is served by these programs as there is less cost and less crime (Hiller 1999). Women Women are an invisible group in prisons in the Untied States. Most people dont think of the large and increasing numbers of incarcerated women, or of their children. It is not the normal image of women in our society. Aside form the high profile cases covered in the media, the problems and circumstance of female prisoners has not been given much attention until recently. The number of women in the prison system has tripled in the last ten years (Zamble 2002). Women are the fastest growing prison population. The reason for this is fairly clear. The crimes committed by these women are generally substance abuse related and with mandatory sentencing, they go to prison (Roberts 2001). The complicated factor in many of these women life is the history of trauma and co-existing mental health problems. Surveys of women in prison have shown numbers as high as eight percent of them with a history of sexual and or physical abuse (Messina 2006). The rate of recidivism for these women is high and a survey of prison wardens in 1995, indicated that at least three quarters of these women would be better served in community based programs. The mandatory sentencing laws that were meant to keep serious and violent criminal locked up, has resulted in an increasing number of non violent, substance abusing women in prison. There crimes are often linked to poverty (Wolf 2006). The recurring themes in the lives of these women are lack of education, unemployment, single mothers and poverty. Approximately 66% of these women have children. Almost two thirds of the women are minorities (Messina 2006). Developing programs to identify and begin treatment of these women while in prison, or diverting them from prison all together is key. The therapeutic community model has also shown to be effective for women. Programs must have a component for assessing issues of past abuse that may hold the key to the substance abuse and in tern the poor education and employment histories of these women (Wolf 2006). Summary The Untied States has experienced an explosive increase in the criminal justice system for problems liked to poverty, unemployment, mental illness, substance abuse among other societal factors. Maintaining individuals in prison with the goal of sending a message and preventing future crime has not been successful. It appears from the data and the research that the Unites States will need to examine other alternatives to have an effect on crime, rates of recidivism and the costs associated with the criminal justice system (Zamble 2002). Studies and research has shown that the types of programs needed are similar in nature and design, though may need to be adjusted depending on the particular problems of a group or individual. Rehabilitative programs that begin to assess and treat people in prison and then link them to services in the community is at the present, the best hope of impacting the crime rate and recidivism. References Cochran, Major Sam, Fighting Stigma in Law Enforcement. The Message Has to Come From the Heart. Memphis Police Department, 2007. Hiller, Matthew L, Knight, Kevin. Simpson, Dwayne Prison-based substance abuse treatment, residential aftercare and recidivism Addiction 94 (6), 1999. Langan, Patrick and Levine, David .Recidivism of Prisoners, Office of Justice Brorams Special Report, June 2002. Lovell, David and Gagliardi, Gregg Recidivism and Use of Services Among Persons with Mental Illness After Release From Prison, Psychiatric Services, October 2002. Messina, Nena, Burdon, William, Prendergastn, Michael, Predictors of prison-based treatment outcomes: a comparison of men and women participants. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Feb, 2006. Peters RH, Wexler HK. Substance abuse treatment for adults in the criminal justice system. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); 2005 Sep 12. 332 p. (Treatment improvement protocol (TIP); no. 44

Ethan Hurley 11/9/16 Essays (151 words) - Fiction, Hugo Hurley Reyes

Ethan Hurley 11/9/16 833 Dr. Coombs Equality 72521 My name is Equality 72521 And when I hear something I am not the one to run I listen to the w's Who, What, When, Where, and Why Enough to give insight To a blind man with no eyes I am not dumb, yet I am not wise When I have ideas, you'll see the twinkle in my eyes Because at that time you'll realize I and curiosity are friends Although it is forbidden Truths are being hidden So ill be the only one to explore To expose not to mope To see to verbally choke The wrongdoings of these people That have cast countless others through the door. My name is Equality and understand a little more Because I am an explorer Not afraid to go out beyond the doors

10 50th Birthday Quotes

10 50th Birthday Quotes The half-century birthday calls for a big celebration. The  50th birthday  heralds the rebirth of a relaxed person who has fulfilled many of his obligations.  Do not count lifes success by benchmarks or years; count the blessings bestowed upon you. Life looks different when it does not saddle you with the responsibilities and ambition you faced earlier. The most important time in your life is now.  When you are ready to walk into the sunset, make sure that you dont look back and wonder why you missed out on all those beautiful moments that came by. Here are the thoughts of various people on the 50th birthday and midlife in general: Joan Rivers: Famously Acerbic American Comedian, Actress, and Producer, 1933-2014 Looking 50  is great if you’re 60. George Orwell:  English Author of  1984 and Animal Farm, 1903-1950 At age 50, everyone has the face he deserves. James A. Garfield: U.S. President, 1831-1881 (Assassinated)   If wrinkles must be written upon our brows, let them not be written upon the heart. The spirit should never grow old. Richard John Needham: Canadian Newspaper Humor Columnist, 1912-1996 The seven ages of man: spills, drills, thrills, bills, ills, pills, and wills. Pablo Picasso: Spanish Painter, Sculptor, Cubism Pioneer, and Author, 1881-1973 The years between 50 and 70 are the hardest. You are always being asked to do things, and yet you are not decrepit enough to turn them down! Jack Benny: American Comedian and Actor, Perennially Age 39, 1894-1974 The old believe everything; the middle-aged suspect everything; the young know everything! Lucille Ball: American Comedian, Actress, and Early Sitcom Star, 1911-1989 Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle! Muhammad Ali: American Boxer and Amateur Philosopher, 1942-2016 The man who views the world at  50 the same as he did at 20 has wasted 30 years of his life. George Bernard Shaw: Irish Playwright of  Pygmalion, 1856-1950 Age is strictly a case of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter! Don Marquis: American Humorist, Novelist, and Playwright, 1878-1937 Middle age is the time when a man is always thinking that in a week or two he will feel as good as ever.

Effects on environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects on environment - Research Paper Example Pollution is contamination of the natural environment and which brings about environmental degradation. Air pollution caused by industrial emission of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur and other harmful gases leads to depletion of the ozone layer which acts as a shield to protect the earth from excessive and harmful sun rays. Water pollution on the other hand which may be caused by harmful farming, mining and even industrial wastes destroy the environment by exposing it to toxic chemicals and hence killing animals and plants which depend on that water. It also leads to destruction of the soil hence rendering the area inhabitable. The excessive population growth that has been witnessed over the last century has also had its effects on the environment. The major effects include deforestation, depletion of natural resources and extinction of species of both plants and animals. As the population continues to expand and with limited land for settlement, the only alternative left is to start clearing forests and even draining swamps in order to build settlement areas. This leads to climate changes and environmental degradation. The minority species are also displaced in a â€Å"battle for the fittest† as explained by Darwin. Species like that of dinosaur which occupy large areas are killed to clear space to accommodate the excess population. Population growth also leads to increased construction which not only causes pollution which as explained earlier degrades the environment but also leads to deforestation and extraction of earth’s important minerals in the process of construction. Other environmental influencers do not however entirely bring about negative effects on the environment. Some farming techniques for example like animal farming enriches the environment by ensuring provision of manure and hence minerals. Practicing biological methods of farming where no chemicals are used also prevents degrading

CEO Project---Pepsico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CEO Project---Pepsico - Research Paper Example Employee goals should be defined through job descriptions, which should incorporate employees’ goal responsibilities. This will allow employees to dedicate their time in performing roles that will enable PepsiCo achieve its goals in change strategy. The process of identification of value addition is very important. It involves distinguishing activities that add value and should be retained, activities that do not add value but cannot be avoided by a company and those activities that do not add value and the company should eliminate them (ÄÅ'iarnienÄâ€" and VienaÃ… ¾indienÄâ€", 2012). The process of value identification involves workers, experts and customers in identifying product aspects that are of extreme significance. These are the aspects that should be given priority in this project (Mcleod, 2009). Analysis of the PepsiCo’s aims and objectives shows that the company aims to lead in consumer products in the world that produces convenient foods and beverages. The company also seeks to enrich its employees through growth opportunities and ensure that investors get financial rewards (PepsiCo, 2014). PepsiCo seeks to achieve excellent and sustainable financial performance. The company also aims at ensuring human sustainability through its products, as well as environmental sustainability (PepsiCo, 2011). Based on the above mission, aims vision and objectives of PepsiCo, recommended strategy changes should be implemented on a timely basis to ensure success of the company. These features that require implementation of change include PepsiCo’s policies, functional strategy and business strategy. PepsiCo has invested in research and development and high quality operations to ensure that safe products are provided to consumers (Nooyi & Johnston, 2014). The next step will involve identification of the long term strategic plans and short term strategic plans. In this case, long term strategic

Fantasys Inability to Overcome Reality Essay Example for Free

Fantasys Inability to Overcome Reality Essay Although Williamss protagonist in A Streetcar Named Desire is the romantic Blanche DuBois, the play is a work of social realism. Blanche explains to Mitch that she fibs because she refuses to accept the hand fate has dealt her. Lying to herself and to others allows her to make life appear as it should be rather than as it is. Stanley, a practical man firmly grounded in the physical world, disdains Blanches fabrications and does everything he can to unravel them. The antagonistic relationship between Blanche and Stanley is a struggle between appearances and reality. It propels the plays plot and creates an overarching tension. Ultimately, Blanches attempts to remake her own and Stellas existences? to rejuvenate her life and to save Stella from a life with Stanley? fail. One of the main ways Williams dramatizes fantasys inability to overcome reality is through an exploration of the boundary between exterior and interior. The set of the play consists of the two-room Kowalski apartment and the surrounding street. Williamss use of a flexible set that allows the street to be seen at the same time as the interior of the home expresses the notion that the home is not a domestic sanctuary. The Kowalskis apartment cannot be a self-defined world that is impermeable to greater reality. The characters leave and enter the apartment throughout the play, often bringing with them the problems they encounter in the larger environment. For example, Blanche refuses to leave her prejudices against the working class behind her at the door. The most notable instance of this effect occurs just before Stanley rapes Blanche, when the back wall of the apartment becomes transparent to show the struggles occurring on the street, foreshadowing the violation that is about to take place in the Kowalskis home. Though reality triumphs over fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams suggests that fantasy is an important and useful tool. At the end of the play, Blanches retreat into her own private fantasies enables her to partially shield herself from realitys harsh blows. Blanches insanity emerges as she retreats fully into herself, leaving the objective world behind in order to avoid accepting reality. In order to escape fully, however, Blanche must come to perceive the exterior world as that which she imagines in her head. Thus, objective reality is not an antidote to Blanches fantasy world; rather, Blanche adapts the exterior world to fit her delusions. In both the physical and the psychological realms, the boundary between fantasy and reality is permeable. Blanches final, deluded happiness suggests that, to some extent, fantasy is a vital force at play in every individuals experience, despite realitys inevitable triumph.

Classical Trade Model And Factor Intensity Economics Essay

Classical Trade Model And Factor Intensity Economics Essay The Ricardian models main focus is on comparative advantage, one of the most central ideas in international trade theory. This theory states that countries should specialize in the production of what they produce best, thus completely specializing instead of producing a wide variety of goods. The neo classical model or Heckcher-Ohlin theory differs from this, it stresses that countries should produce and export goods that require factors that are abundantly available. This theory then differs from those assumptions of comparative and absolute advantage since they only focus on the productivity of the production of a good. On the other hand, the Heckcher-Ohlin theory states that a country should concentrate production and exports based on the factors that are abundantly available to them and thus the cheapest to produce. The main idea of the model centres itself around the differences in factor endowment, the variations of factors (Land, Labour, Capital and Entrepreneurship) that a country have and can then make use of for manufacturing. These factors of production determine a countries comparative advantage, so a country then has a comparative advantage in the goods that are richly local and available to them, this then allows for trade flow. A country must also take into consideration costs, if a good requires local inputs that are abundantly available to that country then production is going to be cheaper, rather than engaging in the production of goods that are locally scarce. This introduces the concept of factor intensity, where producers use different ratios of factors of production in order to produce different goods. A country has been seen to use this concept if that country has a comparative advantage in a good whose production is intensive in the factors that are copiously available. To i llustrate an example we could take oil refining for instance, this can be said to be capital intensive as it is expensive to produce, on the contrary if we take the production of clothing as an example this can be said to be labour intensive. To outline this factor abundance theory, and give a better understanding of its main features we can look at its general structure/assumptions made: General Structure/assumptions of Neo Classical Model (Factor Abundance Theory)  [1]   2 x 2 x 2 model (two countries, two final goods, two factors of production capital and labour) This model has variable factor proportions between countries: so that countries which are extremely developed have a comparatively high ratio of capital to labour in relation to developing countries. This then makes the developed country capital intense/abundant relative to the developing country, and makes the developing country labour intense/abundant relative to the developed nation. Constant returns to scale : double input = double output ( X = 2, Y = 4) Identical Production technology everywhere Input factors capital and labour (KL) are mobile between sectors, but not between countries. All markets characterized by perfect competition, no barriers for trade, and no transport costs. Demand structure is the same, homothetic preferences Available amount of factors of production may differ (endowment may differ). These differences in factor abundance will give rise to international trade flows. Main Results of Neo Classical Trade Theory  [2]   These assumptions have given light to certain named conclusions, and have formed the main results of the neo classical trade model. They are as follows: Factor Price Equalization Theorem International trade of goods between two countries leads to an equalisation of the rewards of the factors of production the two countries. E.g. equal in capital rental rate (workers in each country are paid the same) Stopler Samuelson Theorem An increase in the price of a final good increases the reward to the factors of production, used intensively in the production of that good. E.g. if the price of a final good (paper) increases, then the price of wood would also increase Rybczynski Theorem An increase in the supply in a factor of production (K,L) results in the increase in the output of the final good that uses this factor of production relatively intensively. E.g. workers used intensively so will therefore result in an increase of output. Heckscher Ohlin Theorem A country will export the good which intensively uses the relatively abundant factor of production. In tackling this question as to why Marks and Spencer may switch manufacturing to a less developed country, the main focus will be upon the Factor Equalisation Theorem. This theorem suggests that when the prices of the output goods in this case clothing are equalised between countries as they come closer to trade, then the prices of the factors (capital and labour) will also be equalised between nations. This equalisation happens as a result of the countries being price takers due to perfect competition. Ohlin makes it clear that he himself did not actually think that the rewards for the factors of production would b equalised between two countries, just that there is likeliness that they would become more equal.  [3]  This becomes understandable when we know that the factors of production that are in abundance in one country are scarce in the other. Prices are equalised due to the assumption of perfect competition, if markets for clothing were open on the international market, the prices that they charge for clothing will be the same in both countries. Because of this reason, the factors of production will also be the same for both countries. In relation to the question, based on the factor equalisation theorem, production can switch to a different country solely on the concept of factor intensity. Moving production to a less developed country may be because labour is abundant in that country, therefore more efficient in the production of clothing. Even though both countries produce the same output at the same wage rate, there are differing amounts of capital and labour being used. To distinguish the amounts of labour and capital used we use the isoquant/isocost framework that is derived from the Cobb Douglas production function. Cobb Douglas Production Function Y = KyÃŽÂ ±y Ly1-ÃŽÂ ±y Y Production level of output Y K Amount of capital used in manufacturing sector L Amount of labour used in manufacturing sector ÃŽÂ ±y parameters (measure of capital intensity) This equation allows the substitution of one input for another, that is to produce the same level of output with different combinations of inputs, in principle; an infinite number of possibilities are available in order to produce the same level of output. We can also form an Isoquant graphical figure which is derived from this function; in unit terms the Cobb Douglas becomes the isoquant. Figure 1 shows an isoquant, which depicts all possible efficient combination of capital and labour able to produce giving the same level of output. Taking into account the concept of factor intensity, the country wants to produce using the factor that is abundantly available to them giving them leverage and making production more efficient on their part. Figure 2 shows the same isoquant but with the isocost lines added. Because we are looking at the production of clothing, which is labour intensive, we would prefer to be using labour as the main factor of production, meaning we would want a new optimal point (point B) where more labour is used than capital. Figure 2 shows this change in optimality making the isocost line flatter, the first move is that the isocost line pivots/rotates due to a lower wage rate, secondly it moves parallel until intersection point (becomes tangent) and shifts down until new optimal point (point B) at lower wage rate. Point A shows the point where capital is high (capital intensive), and point B is the complete opposite where labour is high (labour intensive). At point B, the production of clothing in the developing country is efficient and best suited as it is a labour intensive country. To conclude I will give the limitations of the model and then go on to relate the question and model in real life terms. Limitations/Criticisms of model Lieontief paradox argues with the main propositions made. Found that the US, despite having a relative abundance of capital, tended to export labour intensive goods and import capital intensive goods. That technology is the same The factor equalization theorem applies only for most advanced countries. Wage discrepancies are not normally in the scope of the H-O model analysis Identical production function The standard Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes that the production functions are identical for all countries concerned. This means that all countries are in the same level of production and have the same technology. This is highly unrealistic. No unemployment Unemployment is the vital question in any trade conflict. Heckscher-Ohlin theory excludes unemployment This question is related to clothing and production, therefore we assume that it refers to labour as its main factor of production, thus taking into consideration the concept of factor intensity we can say that it is labour intensive, furthermore unskilled labour intensive. The majority of exports and main share of production has been found to originate in that of the developing world. The high labour intensiveness of the industry has meant there is very strong encouragement for companies to shift production to a lower labour cost area. These labour costs heavily weigh the choice in which location to manufacture; strong financial incentives push production ideas into relocating this labour intense production process to a low labour cost area. The production of these goods in a developing country would have its competitive advantages for example cheaper raw materials and cheaper labour costs. From this we can build upon the idea of cost minimisation, the main incentive for a country i s to lower its costs and maximise its profits based on production decisions. In reality, the factor equalisation theorem does not hold, wages are not equal between countries. In the UK we have a minimum wage, and if we take a less developed country such as Vietnam this minimum wage is nonexistent and workers in the garment sector are paid as little as 49 cents.  [4]   Companies such as Marks and Spencer are in business to profit maximise through cost minimisation, moving to a less developed country for manufacturing is cheaper for the company itself due to the country being labour intensive and the goods produced need this high labour intensity. Under pressure to keep prices low, most retailers look for cheaper sources of clothes than cut profit margins, therefore relocate and base their relocation on quota allocation, delivery time, infrastructure and most importantly labour costs. So an incentive to relocate to produce goods at a lower cost seems the cheaper, efficient and best move to make.

Virtue Theory

A Necessary, Modern Revision Aristotle studied and explained a wide range of subjects ranging from science to politics and is widely recognized as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. One of his most important contributions to the study of humanities is his exploration and definition of moral virtue. In his book, The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explains different views about the nature of life in order to allow the reader to find what the main function of life is and how to successfully perform that function.For example, Aristotle states in his first book, in article one, â€Å"every art and every investigation, and similarly every action and pursuit is considered to aim at some good. † Hence, Aristotle defines the â€Å"good† as that which all things should aim. However, what separates humans from other â€Å"things† is the fact that humans seek the good in order to achieve eudemonia, or happiness. In order to achieve this result, a human must functio n well, and would therefore be acting with rational activity.So, if a person performs the function of rational activity well, they have acted with moral reasoning, acting virtuously to achieve eudemonia. In summary, Aristotle believes the good, or virtue, is in a human’s self-interest because of the results it produces. However, I strongly believe that, to classical philosophers, achieving virtue was a broader concept that its modern connotation suggests.It is commonly known that certain theories can be considered obsolete over time if not restated in a modern day context, because as society advances, there is a need for theories and ideas to accommodate and make room for such changes in order to maintain their relevance So, in order to adapt Aristotle’s theory of the good, also known as Aristotle’s virtue theory, into modern day life, different theorists and philosophers became interested in reevaluating the theory and adding to it in order to achieve a success ful and newer theory for humans to consider.I want to discuss the most popular theories recreated from Aristotle’s virtue theory to prove that there is, in fact, a need to modernize and restate his original concept, there is not a need to disregard it or substantially add to it. I believe that his theory must simply be presented through a modern outlook to be used as a guideline as to how humans should act instead of a set group of rules that could possible contradict each other. There are many different theories to consider when trying to find the best adaptation of Aristotle’s virtue heory, they range from supplementary views to non-supplementary and non-criterialists. For example, Supplementalists such as James Rachels believe in supplementing Aristotle’s theory of the good with an independent theory of right action. Whereas, non-Supplementalists can be further split into criterialists such as Rosalind Hursthouse, who believes that happiness can be objective, and non-criterialists such as Julia Annas, who believes that virtue theory does not need any criteria of right action because a truly virtuous person would never get into a situation where a criteria of right action would be needed.These theories differ on core principles and methods of adaptation, some even disagree with parts of Aristotle’s theory; however, they all have some form of agreement with respect to Aristotle’s theory of the good and can be used to enhance it for its adaptation into modern day context. After my evaluations of each philosopher’s view points, I have found the most practical and least contradicting theory in Julia Annas’ essay, â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Thing. † Her essay delves into not only the original concept of Aristotle’s virtue theory, but also discusses the consequences of abiding by those guidelines in modern day.Her theory allows Aristotle’s theory to remain intact, however she refre shes it to the modern connotation it needed to be more commonly accepted by today’s society. However, when looking at the other popular views, James Rachels’ provides a detailed argument vouching for his supplementalist view point on the theory of the good in his essay â€Å"The Ethics of Virtue. † In his opinion, Aristotle’s theory shows an excellent motivation for moral action and gives us a better perspective of our decisions by enabling a different method of weighing our action.Yet, he also states that through Aristotle’s theory alone, there would be no reason for individuals to think that characteristics are virtues rather than vices. For example, courage could be a vice because there is no basis for asserting that courage is a virtue. Second, he adds â€Å"it is difficult to see how unsupplemented virtue theory could handle cases of moral conflict† (Rachels 2). For example, honesty can conflict with kindness if a certain circumstance p resents itself. According o Rachels, a purely virtue-based morality must always be incomplete, since it could not by itself explain why certain character traits are not morally good and therefore, humans could never decipher if they are truly acting virtuously and experiencing eudemonia. In order to make such a distinction between what is and is not morally good, he concludes that a combined approach, supplementing Aristotle’s theory with an independent theory of right action, such as Kantianism or Utilitarianism, will allow for an adequate moral philosophy in modern day.However, there can be problems with supplementation because moral theories, such as Kantianism for example, suffer from the same problem of deciphering the conflict of virtues. Rachels evaluates a list of virtues such as benevolence, civility, fairness, justice and so on, describing them as traits of character that should be fostered in human beings. By doing so, he conveys to the reader the need for an indep endent theory of right action such as Kantianism to help distinguish whether or not it is a virtue or vice. However, he does not go into detail of the problems such independent theories of right action can run into.Say Rachels wants to supplement the virtue theory with kantianism, and a person posses the virtue of honesty, however, if that person were to be conflicted by Nazis asking where hidden refugees are, that person would have to tell the truth because that is what the â€Å"categorical imperative† deems. Therefore, supplementing the virtue theory proves unnecessary and contradicting when trying to maintain using the virtue theory in modern day. Next, I chose to compare a theory opposing the supplementalist view such as the non-supplementalist view that Rosalind Hursthouse agrees with in her essay â€Å"Virtue Theory and Abortion. However, she also adds a criterialist view point in that â€Å"an action is right, if and only if, it is what the virtuous agent would do i n the circumstance† (Hursthouse 225). In her paper, she primarily uses the example of abortion to demonstrate her criticism of the virtue theory and discuss what is needed to be applied to the theory for it to promote the correct virtuous answer in modern circumstances. She states that â€Å"virtue theory can’t get us anywhere in real moral issues because it’s bound to be all assertion and no argument Hursthouse 226),† therefore, she addresses the need for clear, virtuous guidance about what ought and ought not to be done when a person is stuck in a conflicting decision of virtues. In her example of a woman’s decision of whether or not to have an abortion, she emphasizes the necessity of that guidance. However, in the evaluation of Hursthouse’s paper, she states nine separate criticisms of virtue theory, demonstrating what she believes to be an inadequate grasp either of the structure of virtue theory or what would be involved in thinking abo ut a real moral issue in its terms.She clearly makes the point that Aristotle’s theory of the good does not allow for a blatant answer in circumstances in which a person could either only do wrong or face the decision of acting for the good of human kind or for their own self interest. But, what she does not grasp is the simple fact that a virtuous person would never be in such situations to begin with, as Julia Annas later states. Hursthouse’s example of abortion becomes invalid with the realization that a virtuous person would not have irresponsible sex to land herself in a situation of whether or not to have an abortion.She mostly disagrees with Aristotle’s overall concept; therefore, her need to recreate it in a more understandable method is diluted and consumed by her overall goal of asserting the need of a virtuous guidance for those stuck in unvirtuous situations. Julia Annas further addresses the contradictions Hursthouse makes in her essay â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Things,† in that she does not follow the criterialist belief that Hursthouse believes is necessary to make the virtuous decision.As stated before, she uses the main contradiction that the circumstances where there is no right answer a virtuous person wouldn’t be in to begin with. Also, she believes that â€Å"we are not blank slates; we already have a firm views about right and wrong ways to act, worthy and unworthy ways to be (Annas 66),† and we become knowledgeable of what is right and wrong through a developmental process, not through some technical method of deciphering right from wrong. She believes that you become good at being virtuous the same way you become good in everything else, for example, in order be good at playing the piano, you must practice.Her statements help relate Aristotle’s virtue theory to those confused about how to apply it in everyday life. She is providing the excuse of instinct and development for the vagueness of his original theory in order to make it more practical and achievable for those wanting to act with virtue. Overall, Annas proves her view deliberately and assertively throughout her paper. It becomes apparent that becoming a virtuous person requires a developmental process much like other activities in life.Also, through defying other theories, such as Hursthouse’s, she shows how uncomplicated making a virtuous decision can be, instead of making such a decision seem unachievable and complicated in modern context. I agree with her statement that it is wrong to â€Å"force our everyday moral thoughts into a system of one-size-fits all kind, virtue ethics tells us to look elsewhere at what happens when we try to become a builder or pianist (Annas 73),† because I believe that is how I came to learn what was morally good, and how I am still learning what is right or wrong in today’s society.She revives Aristotle’s virtue theory for modern day by allowing its original vagueness to remain intact and not trying to rewrite the theory’s initial context, while at the same time describing it as more of a guideline for humans to live by and a way to improve practical judgment in everyday life. In conclusion, Annas’ non-supplementalist, non-criterialist outlook on Aristotle’s virtue theory provokes thought and consideration, but also relates to a reader, because if looked at closely, the virtuous developmental process can be easily recognizable in any reader’s childhood.Also, her analytical methods of revealing the problems in other theories help the reader to comprehend her theory easier. Annas leaves the reader stating â€Å"When it comes to working to find the right thing to do, we cannot shift the work to a theory, because we, unlike theories, are always learning, and so we are always learning and aspiring to do better (Annas 74). † Overall, Annas provides the best adaptation to Aristotleâ €™s theory of the good and provides a positive outlook on the methods of becoming virtuous without constraining the reader to believe that there is exact and deliberate steps a human must make in order to gain eudemonia.Her revision allows Aristotle’s concept to live on into modern day, and thus provides a well-rounded and current guideline to the betterment of today’s society. Works Cited Annas, Julia. â€Å"Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Thing. † Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (2004): 61-75. Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. 325 B. C. Hursthouse, Rosalind. â€Å"Virtue Theory and Abortion. † Philosophy and Public Affairs 20. 3 (1991): 223-246. Rachel, James. â€Å"The Ethics of Virtue. † 1996. Norman R. Shultz. November 2010 .

Bmw Culture

With over 90 years in the industry the culture at BMW is an anomaly in the car manufacturing business. BMW teaches their employees the history of the company and their mission from day one. Problem times from years past are also told to the new employees. For example when the company was on the verge of bankruptcy in 1959 and was saved by a local business man, these mishaps are used as learning tools to stop history from repeating itself. Regardless of your job title all levels work together to create ideas to better the brand and product. The regular hierarchy that you see within a company is not an obstacle when voicing your thoughts and ideas. Team brainstorming is done on a regular basis and everyone’s input is valued. BMW was one of the first companies to offer profit sharing in Germany to its employees. The leadership at BMW is one the values the employees and listens to their ideas. The type of open door leadership BMW allows for employees to feel as if they have value to the company and its achievements. Informal powwows are used to brainstorm for ideas with all levels of employees. It is sometimes referred to as a freewheeling idea factory. Employees from all different departments are known to get together and work on a single project. This culture allows for employees to feel as if they are valued and that their ideas are appreciated. No one is looked down upon when they present an idea even if they are not as â€Å"high up† as the other people in the room. This allows for great ideas to be given and fostered. The work environment at BMW is so highly sought after that over 200,000 applications are received annually. The job characteristics model involves increasing the amount of skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback in a job. Three critical psychological states: (1) experienced meaningfulness of the tasks performed, (2) experience personal responsibility for tasks outcomes, and (3) knowledge of the tasks performed. Managers at BMW seldom have formalized training to learn their jobs. This forces them to work closely with other managers and their teams to figure out ways to improve the business. This is another example of how employees are tightly knight and feel as if their opinions matter. The line between management and subordinates is very thin. They work so closely together that the hierarchy is not as pronounced as in most companies. The heavy involvement of all employees increases productivity and job satisfaction. Organizational creativity is fostered at BMW in many ways. BMW looks to its workers to come up with ways to save the company money. Individuals whose ideas save the plant money receive bonuses. The more ideas you present the more money you earn. This pushes employees to come up with solid ideas that will benefit the company. This is a win win situation for both BMW and the employees. Satisfied and motivated employees are a vital part of BMW. Interdepartmental brainstorming is very common and they work closely to come up with ideas. People aren’t criticized for their ideas no matter how off the wall they might be. They are encouraged to think outside the box. The culture and work environment at BMW greatly influences the performance and production of its workers. Workers are so happy with their employment they are willing to work extra hours on heavy productions days and not get paid overtime. This practice is unheard of in most companies. Very rarely are employees willing to work extra hour and not be compensated with hour time pay. This is offset by the accrual of days off instead. Workers are also willing to move away from home for extended periods of time and work long hours. All of these things create job stability for the employees and help reduce layoffs. BMW is the leader in car customization. They are able to complete over 170,000 changes a month in their orders. This is unheard of in the car manufacturing industry. Such changes would set other manufacture back months but BMW is able to make the changes and stay on schedule due to the dedication of its employees. Other manufactures are looking to BMW to try to duplicate this process but have yet to reach this level. BMW is the leader of the pact when it comes to innovation and employees moral. More companies regardless of their industry need to follow this awesome example of teamwork. They would be able to produce more and spend less which is always the goal when running a business. After reading this case I see why over 200,000 people apply for a position there yearly. It seems like a great place to work and grow.

Legalize Gambling Essays - Gambling, Casino, Economics Of Gambling

Legalize Gambling Essays - Gambling, Casino, Economics Of Gambling Legalize Gambling Whether or not to legalize gambling is a tough decision. The pros and cons of the question are almost equal, and while some say it will boost economy others say it can destroy it. No one argues that gambling is a big, profitable business, they only question whether it is a business doing good, or the opposite. Arguments both ways are very compelling and both sides have many examples that demonstrate their point. However, if I were in the position of deciding if gambling should become fully legal in my country I would side with gambling. In many areas of the world gambling has proven an economic success. The growth in jobs, revenue and government money is too large to ignore. Although critics point out areas that have not grown since gambling started, this is mainly because of bad deals with the government or the community and not because of gambling itself. If we look at gambling as a gamble and be careful we can avoid many mistakes that have already been made. Opponents also tout the objectionable moral standards which gambling supposedly encourages. While this may be true, that does not give people the right to stop others from gambling. Many find premarital sex and homosexuality to be morally wrong, but that does not give them the right to stop the behavior. If they find it wrong, then they choose not to participate in the practice. Similarly, people can choose not to gamble but they cannot take that right away from people who do. The economic growth in cities that support gambling has been astou! nding. Billions of dollars a day come in through the casinos, and some of this money is then given to the government helping the economy even more. With the casinos also comes a huge amount of jobs. Construction, management, and many other jobs inside the casino boost local economy even more. Not only the casino benefits from the influx of more tourists but many other businesses will thrive, too. Hotels, restaurants, and others offering services will inevitably be boosted by the gambling business. Some people fear that other, illegal businesses will thrive because of the influx of money in addition to the legitimate ones. This may be true if we kept the same amount of law enforcement, however this will not be the case. With the additional revenue created by the casinos themselves the local authorities can now afford to keep more policemen and deceives on the street and investigating the gambling businesses. Corruption will be effectively held in check and scandal hel! d down. The shadowy background of gambling will slowly disappear as citizens realize that it is a legitimate business. In many areas of the United States gambling is already practiced with lottery and others of the same type. The stock market is also a form of gambling that no one objects about. The missed opportunity that not going with gambling is too large to be ignored and therefore the best choice is institute gambling. Economic gains by gambling are not the only consideration in this choice, one has to remember that many people want casinos near them. If the government is truly of the people and for the people it must follow the public's wish to introduce legalized gambling.

Sociologist Max Weber essays

Sociologist Max Weber essays There were so many social historians years ago that contributed to the development of todays world. Each and everyone is still remembered today for their greatness so many years back. One of these historians was Max Weber. He not only was a social historian but also an economist. He was mostly known for his organized way of approaching world history and how he helped develop Western Civilization. He was also considered as one of the first of modern sociological thinkers. Most of his work was based around capitalism since he dealt with the economy. His most famous work was Is The Protestant Work Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Thanks to his work efforts, sociology was recognized in the early twentieth century even though his work wasnt given the full credit he deserved until he passed away. Max Weber was born on April 21, 1864 and grew up in his birth town of Erfurt, Germany. His family had a few children but two of his siblings passed away. Max himself was diagnosed with a men tal decease that he later overcame. He was the eldest son in his family. His father was a liberal politician who was also successful in the linen business. Money for his family was never a problem. Max Weber grew up around his fathers friends who were into politics mainly. He enrolled in the University of Heidelberg in Berlin in 1882 to study legal and economic history. He did however have to put his education on hold in order to complete his military service at Strasbourg for a few years, but he returned home and completed his education. He spent his early twenties working for the University of Berlin, the jobs werent his idea of a life and didnt pay enough for him to out from his familys home. He left home to live on his own in the year 1893 and married Marianne Schnitger. She was his second cousin. He passed away in 1920 in Germany at the age of fifty-six. Once he was settled down he began to achie...

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Case Analysis - Essay Example This can be attributed to the fact that more negative feedbacks caused the experts to question the application of the cubicle concept. On the other hand, the corporate administration recognized the benefit of putting a large number of employees that are only segregated in work boxes (Goodbye to the Cubicle? n.d.). On a personal note, the privacy and the level of concentration that can be provided by use of cubicles in workspaces are included in the appreciated effects. On the other hand, if a manner of continuous work activity occurs inside the cubicle area, it can be considered a health hazard and the risk of motivation and inspiration to work and have good output which can be attributed to the confined nature of the work area in the application of the said system. Based on the reaction of the people towards cubicle, there are different points of observations that can be presented. One of the points is that the being a highly social being, the interaction and relationship with other people and fellow workers can have very influential effects on performance of the workers. In addition, the workplace can also be an important factor in itself due to the effects it can bring about to the attitude of the person. In one of the studies undertaken regarding the most effective workplace set up, it had been presented that the open office set up is the most effective since a less pressured and raw working environment can be perceived. Other phases and methods can even be applied such as coordination of actions undertaken by the whole group that can lead to a more refined, well-communicated and well-informed in terms of the goals and visions of the company and the groups. In general, cubicles are advantageous for the physical order in a company as viewed by the leaders. In terms of productivity and efficiency it can be viewed as a hindrance (Gherardi and Nicolini, 2006; Harrison, Wheeler

Discuss the statement In the future, hierarchical management Essay

Discuss the statement In the future, hierarchical management structures will be less evident. The management of intellectual - Essay Example 23). Hierarchical management structure is an organisational structure in which each and every entity of an organisation follows a top down hierarchical level. It is true that the trend of hierarchical organisational management structure is shifting towards the flatter organisational management structure to enhance organisational communication process between several departments of the organisation (Boxall and Purcell, 2007, p. 98). There are several advantages and significance of flatter organisational structure. It enhances decision making process, operation cost control and better communication between the employees of different departments in an organisation. The essay will discuss on the statement that â€Å"In the future, hierarchical management structures will be less evident†. ... These economic issues and fluctuating global economic environment will motivate the leaders or the management of the organisation to adopt flatter organisational management hierarchy (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, p. 31). Each and every organisation is trying to focus on the business operation cost reduction. It is highly important for the organisations to control the operation cost in order to ensure high profit maximisation (Buelens, Sinding, Waldstrom, Krietner and Kinicki, 2011, p. 69). Several leading organisations are adopting flatter organisational structure in order to reduce business operation cost. A flat organisational structure can be defined as an organisation structure with limited or no management level between the staff and management level employees. Flat organisation structure deals with low employee supervision (Burke, 2012, p. 36). The leaders in a flat organisation use to promote the employees and involve them in the decision making process. Organisation can gain huge benefit through flat organisational structure in this economic distress period. The major objective of flat organisation structure is to eliminate the level and salaries of middle management. This reduction in management level and salaries help the organisation to reduce overall business operation cost and budget of an organisation (Dawson, 2003, p. 84). In addition to this, flatter organisational structure elevates the level of responsibility of the employees in an organisation as this organisational structure brings more efficiency in the organisational communication process (Maylor and Blackmon, 2005, p. 89). As this organisational structure removes the excess layers of a management structure, the speed of coordination and communication

Entreprenuership and Innovation BUS7001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entreprenuership and Innovation BUS7001 - Essay Example The question that needs to be asked should therefore centre on how to create a competitive urge over competitors. This is for now, what the present report seeks to achieve by analysing all factors that centre on the product and the market so as to put the product in a better position to penetrate the market (Aldrich and Weiss, 2001). A lot of research will also be done on the product involved so as to establish the key strengths of the product that needs to be built upon and some weaknesses that need to be improved. An assessment of the factors in the marketplace into which you suggest the product could be sold Sale in universities and other educational institutions where students have daily demand for cooking There are several factors on the prevailing market that suggest that the product cold easily be sold. One of such factors has to do with the fact that there are at every point in time, students in various universities and colleges who are in hostels and have regular demand for cooking. These students are not fed by the school and thus have to depend on their own provision for food (Aldrich, 2009). With growing concern for the need to stay healthy in one’s eating habit also, the likelihood that these students will resort to ready-cooked food is also minimal. This therefore means that a lot of these students will have to cook for themselves. Again, considering the fact that there is an ever growing student population in our country, one thing remains clear and that is, the product will certainly have a very large customer base among the students if the university cooking factor is considered critically. Another factor within the university factor that makes the product very viable and suitable for the university population is that students do not have much time for activities like cooking and are therefore always looking for avenues that will make cooking fast and less involving – something that this new product can easily give them (Bender, 2 000). Sale in places where the use of electricity as the source of energy as compared to gas is seen to be cheaper and easily accessible. Another important factor that suggests that the product will easily sell on the marketplace has to do with the every growing concern for the need to use electricity as a preferred source of energy instead of gas. It would be noted that gas has for long remained the major supply of energy for most homes in developed and developing worlds. However, the risks involved are fast being calculated by scientists and other experts. Some of these include pollution, degradation of the environment, greenhouse effect and dangers of causing fire (Birley and Westhead, 2004). With such concerns, the focus has now shifted to the use of electricity. Knowing that the new product is powered by electricity, the company has an advantage and potential in selling the product in places where the use of electricity as the source of energy is regarded as safer and environme ntally friendly option. Even more, electricity continues to be a cheaper source of energy as compared to gas and other forms of energy for powering cooking devices like

First Language and Learning English Essay Example for Free

First Language and Learning English Essay Language is the most dynamic form of symbolism that cultures possesses. Language is the medium in which people interact and communicate for the exchange of ideas, knowledge and feelings. Language acquisition has been one of the most intriguing aspects of human nature and had been the focus of different disciplines. For the most part, language acquisition had been theorized and conceptualized in different ways all of which was to determine where language came from and how it developed. On the other hand, the multicultural aspect and globalization of our society have made it almost a necessity to learn English as the most favored international language. Most educational curriculums in the world integrate the learning of English as a second language especially in areas where the first or native language is structurally different from English (Gitsaki, 1998). According to Krashen’s (1981) model of second language acquisition â€Å"acquired and learned languages are different†. Language acquisition is a subconscious process brought about by the meaningful interaction of the individual with the target language while learning a language is a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language (Krashen, 1981, p. 103). Learning a second language is a complex process that can be affected by different factors, one of the most leading issue is that of how first language affects the teaching of English as a foreign language in the classroom. Several researches have reported that first language proficiency strongly predicts English language learning (Clay, 1993; Snow, Burns, Griffin, 1998), moreover, a strong correlation between first language fluency and learning English was also reported (Hiebert, Pearson, Taylor, Richardson, and Paris, 1998). Children who have to learn a second language generally have to use first language in comprehension and analysis of the information exchanged in the second language. Therefore the impact of first language to learning a second language can be facilitative while it can also interfere with learning a second language such as English (Bialystok, 2002). This literature review would present what has been known about the role of the first language in learning English as a second language in the context of classroom learning as well as how teachers can effectively use the first language to the teaching of English. This exercise would also discuss the theoretical framework, the research methods and the strengths and weaknesses of the presented literature. Appendix Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1). Bialystok, E. (2002). Cognitive processes of L2 users. In V. Cook (Ed. ), Portrait of the L2 user (pp. 147-165). New York: Multilingual Matters. Burden, P. (2000). The use of the students mother tongue in monolingual English ‘conversation’ classes at Japanese universities. TLT Online Editor. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. jalt-publications. org/tlt/articles/2000/06/burden Clay, M. (1993). Reading Recovery in English and other Languages. Keynote address presented at the West Coast Literacy Conference, Palm Springs, CA Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. Cummins, J. (2001). Bilingual children’s mother tongue: Why is it important for education? Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. oise. utoronto. ca/MLC/MotherTongueDK. pdf Garcia, G. E. (2000). Bilingual childrens reading. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, D. Pearson, R. Barr (Eds. ), Handbook of reading research Volume III (pp. 163-179). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Giacobbe, J. (1992). A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process. Second Language Research, 8; 3, 232-250. Gitsaki, C. (1998) Second Language Acquisition Theories: Overview and Evaluation. Journal of Communication and International Studies 4; 2:89-98. Hamers, J. Blanc, M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Marcus Garvey :: Essays Papers

Marcus Garvey Historians familiar with Garvey's career generally regard him as the preeminent symbol of the insurgent wave of black nationalism that developed in the period following World War I. Although born in Jamaica, Garvey achieved his greatest success in the United States. He did so despite the criticism of many African-American leaders and the covert opposition of the United States Department of Justice and its Bureau of Investigation (forerunner of the FBI). As a young man, Garvey had preached accommodation and disavowed political protest, advocating loyalty to the established colonial government. His views, however, underwent a radical transformation shortly after he arrived in the United States in 1916. The emergence of the radical New Negro movement, which supplied the cultural and political matrix of the celebrated Harlem Renaissance, to a large extent paralleled Garvey and his post-World War I "African Redemption" movement. Garvey established the first American branch of the UNIA in 1917--1918 in the midst of the mass migration of blacks from the Caribbean and the American South to cities of the North. It was also a time of political awakening in Africa and the Caribbean, to which Garvey vigorously encouraged the export of his movement. In the era of global black awakening following World War I, Garvey emerged as the best known, the most controversial, and, for many, the most attractive of a new generation of New Negro leaders. Representative Charles B. Rangel of New York has noted that "Garvey was one of the first to say that instead of blackness being a stigma, it should be a source of pride" (New York Times, 5 April 1987). Black expectations aroused by participation in World War I were dashed by the racial violence of the wartime and postwar years, and the disappointment evident in many black communities throughout the U.S., Africa, and the Caribbean allowed Garvey to draw dozens of local leaders to his side. Their ideas were not always strictly compatible with Garvey's, but their sympathy with his themes of "African redemption" and black self-support was instrumental in gathering support for the movement from a vast cross-section of African-American society. Similarly, Garvey's message was adopted by a broad cross-section of educated and semi-literate Africans and West Indians hungry for alternatives to white rule and oppression. The post--World War I years were thus a time when a growing number of Africans and West Indians were ready for change. In most colonial territories, Africans, like African Americans, were disappointed when expected postwar changes failed to materialize. Marcus Garvey :: Essays Papers Marcus Garvey Historians familiar with Garvey's career generally regard him as the preeminent symbol of the insurgent wave of black nationalism that developed in the period following World War I. Although born in Jamaica, Garvey achieved his greatest success in the United States. He did so despite the criticism of many African-American leaders and the covert opposition of the United States Department of Justice and its Bureau of Investigation (forerunner of the FBI). As a young man, Garvey had preached accommodation and disavowed political protest, advocating loyalty to the established colonial government. His views, however, underwent a radical transformation shortly after he arrived in the United States in 1916. The emergence of the radical New Negro movement, which supplied the cultural and political matrix of the celebrated Harlem Renaissance, to a large extent paralleled Garvey and his post-World War I "African Redemption" movement. Garvey established the first American branch of the UNIA in 1917--1918 in the midst of the mass migration of blacks from the Caribbean and the American South to cities of the North. It was also a time of political awakening in Africa and the Caribbean, to which Garvey vigorously encouraged the export of his movement. In the era of global black awakening following World War I, Garvey emerged as the best known, the most controversial, and, for many, the most attractive of a new generation of New Negro leaders. Representative Charles B. Rangel of New York has noted that "Garvey was one of the first to say that instead of blackness being a stigma, it should be a source of pride" (New York Times, 5 April 1987). Black expectations aroused by participation in World War I were dashed by the racial violence of the wartime and postwar years, and the disappointment evident in many black communities throughout the U.S., Africa, and the Caribbean allowed Garvey to draw dozens of local leaders to his side. Their ideas were not always strictly compatible with Garvey's, but their sympathy with his themes of "African redemption" and black self-support was instrumental in gathering support for the movement from a vast cross-section of African-American society. Similarly, Garvey's message was adopted by a broad cross-section of educated and semi-literate Africans and West Indians hungry for alternatives to white rule and oppression. The post--World War I years were thus a time when a growing number of Africans and West Indians were ready for change. In most colonial territories, Africans, like African Americans, were disappointed when expected postwar changes failed to materialize.

Changing Lives Essay

I have always viewed life differently. There were times when people would act differently towards me, for I acted maturely for my age. Oftentimes, I was vocal about how I wanted to finish my education so that I would be able to fulfill my dreams further. For everyone’s benefit, I would like to pursue a degree in Biology. At a young age, my mother exposed me to the real world. She was a nurse in one of the hospitals, and most of the time she would cater to the needs of patients. Like any curious child, I would ask her questions about her profession, making me more inclined into the field of medicine as I grew older. I could definitely say that my mother was my driving force in my dream of becoming a physician someday. My mother would consistently teach me about medicine and the first aid that I need, in the event that I need help. In school, I always showed my determination and perseverance to succeed in life. I would always give my best, even in the smallest requirement deemed from students. As much as possible, I wanted things to go as planned. Hard work and dedication were not the only factors that I took in mind. I was guided by my prayers and my will to be of service to others. In this manner, I wanted to make sure that everything was in proper order and that I am not stepping nor hurting anyone in the process. I remember the many times that my mother brought me to work with her. Even at a young age, she helped satisfy my curiosity by allowing me to assist in her work. In high school, my mother finally allowed me to volunteer in their hospital, especially in catering to the needs of patients. This kind of exposure made me more determined than ever to be of service to those in need as a physician. My life was never a perfect one. Although my mind was set into becoming a successful physician, there were certain things in life that led to this decision. My mother was of Mexican-American lineage; and Mexico was where she finished her education. In her attempt to bring herself to grater heights, she moved to the United States. The hardships that she endured when she was still starting were difficult to bear. However, she disregarded all of these and went on to fulfill her dream. Now, she is a nurse and earning a stable job in the United States. Like my mother, I was inspired to work hard and bridge gaps by making it big in the United States. The kind of education that the University of California would give me would come to my advantage in my attempt to attend medical school. I learned that the institution has produced numerous talents that have been successful in their chosen field, and making a difference in the lives of others. Like them, I would want to serve as an inspiration and be able to break barriers in the field of medicine. I would use the training and the knowledge that your school would give me to make further researches that could be used in the advancements and upheaval of society. I also want to inspire others from the medical field to render service from their heart, and not just because of the paycheck that may be receive. I know that the experiences that I had in life were not enough for me to be accepted in your university. Like the other students who have bore witness to the exemplary performance of this institution, I would do my best to live up to the Mission-Vision, which is summed up in making it big and helping others. As one of the students, all I can offer is my dedication and will to make a difference in society. I am one step forward in reaching my goals in life – and it starts with my acceptance at the University of California.