Fall of Malacca Empire

Fall of Malacca EmpireFALL OF malacca EMPIREThe golden age of Malacca ended in 1511. Empire Malacca who called to an end after the Portuguese attack Malacca under the rule of Sultan Mansur Shah.Internal FactorsWEAK LEADERSHIP OPPRESSIVE garbage disposalWeak ruling government is the root cause to the pin tumbler of the Malacca Sultanate. They were overdependence on Tun Perak until they cant find a capable leader to supplant him. After the death of the Bendahara Tun Perak, Malacca lacked an efficient leader as the replacement of Tun Perak which is Tun Mutahir as a Bendahara was a weak leader because he more relate on his personal welf be and biased during his administration. Many of the ministers expressed their dissatisfaction with this aspect of the way of his management style. As a result, there were often struggles for power. Besides, Sultan Mahmud who pay only a little attention to the administration consider as a weak leader too. He enables the officers to act as they plea sed. Bribing and defamation were prevalent and inevitably result in economic instability and discontent among the people. Corruption in administration to gain personal wealth had caused the imposed of high taxes on citizens and traders forced merchandisers to shift their attention to Acheh, the other trading ports. At the same time, Bendahara Tun Mutahir being accused that he attempted to overthrow the king. He evoked the fussiness of Sultan Mahmud so without further investigation Sultan Mahmud executed Bendahara Tun Mutahir and his family. Raja Ahmad the inheritor was also weak and inefficient. When Sultan Mahmud realized he was wrong, he give reign to his son which was unable to help him to rule his empire. Whereas Bendahara Tun Perpatih, the successor which is also weak, ill and old.Son of Sultan MahmudDISUNITYMalaccas weak position caused the staccato of people and spilt into factions. Bendahara Tun Mutahir is and Indian-Muslims. His weak administration and practiced favori tism had caused the Malays to become hostile towards them and develop into racial tension. Bendahara Tun Mutahir been appointed had caused the jealousy among Malays and the evident was when Sultan Mahmud commanded Bendahara Tun Mutahir and Tun Ali to be designate to death at the betrayal by Raja Mandaliar and Laksamana Khoja Hassan, an Indian native. Bendahara Tun Peraks son, Tepok been appointed as Bendahara but he was too old. All of these factors had causes the disunity among the residents of Malacca.THE WEAKNESS OF MALACCA MILITARY AND DEFENCEContinued misunderstanding caused segregation and disunity among the people. The situation became worse and critical when the Portuguese, led by Alfonso dAlbuquerque attacked Malacca. For Malacca soldiers, they are losing of skills because they not snarly in war for a long time. They had been using traditional weapons much(prenominal) as creese, arrow and spear during the war with Portuguese. Whereas, Portuguese used modern weapons such as cannon that clearly different from Malacca in term of range and mobility. Portuguese armed forces have well-equipped weapons and good strategic planning with the steerage of Alfonso dAlbuquerque. Before Portuguese attack Malacca, they had conquered Goa India so they have support of army from Goa India. But for Malacca, the mercenary soldiers from Jawa abandoned state during the war.DISLOYALTY OF FEREIGNERS AND MERCHANTSDue to the political instability, merchants who came and stomach at Malacca did not believe to the government of Malacca. They even backed and supported Portuguese during their attack. For Chinese merchant, they provided huge barges on loan to Portuguese. Tamil merchant provided information regarding Malacca defense system.External FactorsTHE DISCOVERY OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE (TAAJUNG HARAPAN)It is a naval passage in Southern Africa that discovered by Bartholomew Diaz in 1488. The successful of crossing of the Cape of Good Hope allowed the sailor to sail from t he west which is Portugal to the East. While Prince Henry eager to locate their trading in the East that lead to the encouragement of his people to sail to East with the slogan of Gospel, Gold, Glory . The expansion of Portuguese sea exploration was pioneered by Vasco da Gama. He was the first to discover the east coasts of India that help in the establishment of Portuguese.EMERGENCE OF OTHERS TRADE CENTERSDue to the oppressive administration and the high taxes, traders started to looked for other port such as Acheh and Brunei. They had finally switched to the other ports where they can be treated fairly.PREACHINGLopez de Sequeira was assigned by Prince Henry to analyze the trade potentials in Malacca. He arrived at Malacca carrying with him a letter offer from the King. His job was to establish trade with Malacca. Bendahara Tun Mutahir and the officer who were powerful in the court were hostile towards the Christian. The merchants from Gujarat, who got the news the Portuguese afo rethought(ip) to preached a holy war against those Muslims infidels. Unfortunately, because of the argument between Bendahara Tun Mutahir and Sultan Mahmud Shah, de Sequeira managed to get known a plot was planned to kill him and his is managed to escape from Malacca with his fleet, exit behind several of his assistants as captives.ConclusionFrom the research we had consume, we conclude that Malacca Sultanate Empire had departed through three eras which are the beginning and the rise, the middle and the fall of the empire at the same time it contributes a special slots in Malaysian history, because it is said to be the origin of the present sultanate of Malaysia. From the process that Malacca gone through we summarize that effective and systematic administration had lead Malacca to the best outcome. The leader himself must be a role model to make the empire grow and unite the citizen. Citizens power cant be neglected because it influenced the development of any empire in the worl d including merchandise and traders. We are reminded that in whatever time and place unwise leadership, corruption, disunity and weak defense must be avoided or otherwise turmoil history happens again.ReferencingHistory of Melaka only(a) Planet Travel Information. 2015. History of Melaka Lonely Planet Travel Information. ONLINE Available at http//www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/peninsular-malaysia-west-coast/melaka/history. Accessed 22 January 2015.The fall of Malacca. 2015. The fall of Malacca. ONLINE Available at http//www.malaysiahistory.net/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=26the-fall-of-malaccacatid=46early-history. Accessed 22 January 2015.Fall of Civilizations Malacca Sultanate (Revised Version). 2015. Fall of Civilizations Malacca Sultanate (Revised Version). ONLINE Available at http//www.scribd.com/doc/105111287/Fall-of-Civilizations-Malacca-Sultanate-Revised-Versionscribd. Accessed 22 January 2015.The Fall of Melaka. 2015. The Fall of Melaka. ONLINE Available at http//www.sabrizain.org/malaya/port1.htm. Accessed 22 January 2015.